How to debug a Bash script?

How to debug a Bash script if it has some bugs?

Common techniques like printing varibles out for checking apply for bash too.

For bash, I usually use 2 bash-specific techniques.

Add set -o errexit to the beginning of the script
errexit makes bash exit immediately if one statement’s return code is not 0. This way, you know which statement goes wrong.

bash -x your-script.sh
the -x will make bash print statements executed so that you know what is going on.

Or add set -x inside of your script.

For example,

#!/bin/bash

set -x

i=0
let i=i+1

echo $i

The execution of that script will print

+ i=0
+ let i=i+1
+ echo 1
1

By combining the 2 techniques together, which statement/step went wrong is printed out on the STDOUT.