NAME tail – output the last part of files SYNOPSIS tail [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… DESCRIPTION Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options…
NAME sed – stream editor for filtering and transforming text SYNOPSIS sed [OPTION]… {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]… DESCRIPTION Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such…
NAME gawk – pattern scanning and processing language SYNOPSIS gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] -f program-file [ — ] file … gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] [ — ] program-text file … DESCRIPTION Gawk is the GNU Project’s implementation of the AWK programming language. It conforms to the definition…
NAME pipe, pipe2 – create pipe SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> /* On Alpha, IA-64, MIPS, SuperH, and SPARC/SPARC64; see NOTES */ struct fd_pair { long fd[2]; }; struct fd_pair pipe(); /* On all other architectures */ int pipe(int pipefd[2]); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <fcntl.h> /* Obtain O_* constant definitions */ #include <unistd.h> int…
rm – remove files or directories Synopsis rm [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… Description This manual page documents the GNU version of rm. rm removes each specified file. By default, it does not remove directories. If the -I or –interactive=once option is given, and there are more than three files or the -r, -R, or –recursive are given,…
ps – report a snapshot of the current processes. Synopsis ps [,options/] Description ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top instead. This version of ps accepts several kinds of options: 1 UNIX options, which may be grouped…
less – opposite of more Synopsis less -? less –help less -V less –version less [-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] [-b space/] [-h lines/] [-j line/] [-k keyfile/] [-{oO} logfile/] [-p pattern/] [-P prompt/] [-t tag/] [-T tagsfile/] [-x tab/,…] [-y lines/] [-[z] lines/] [-# shift/] [+[+]cmd/] [–] [filename/]… (See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with long…
NAME mmap, munmap – map or unmap files or devices into memory SYNOPSIS #include <sys/mman.h> void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset); int munmap(void *addr, size_t length); See NOTES for information on feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION mmap() creates a new mapping in the virtual address space of the…
NAME fork – create a child process SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> pid_t fork(void); DESCRIPTION fork() creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new process is referred to as the child process. The calling process is referred to as the parent process. The child process and the parent process run in separate…
NAME dup, dup2, dup3 – duplicate a file descriptor SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> int dup(int oldfd); int dup2(int oldfd, int newfd); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <fcntl.h> /* Obtain O_* constant definitions */ #include <unistd.h> int dup3(int oldfd, int newfd, int flags); DESCRIPTION The dup() system call creates a copy of the file descriptor…
NAME close – close a file descriptor SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> int close(int fd); DESCRIPTION close() closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may be reused. Any record locks (see fcntl(2)) held on the file it was associated with, and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the…
NAME sort – sort lines of text files SYNOPSIS sort [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… sort [,OPTION/]… ,–files0-from=F/ DESCRIPTION Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Ordering options: -b, –ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks -d,…
NAME rm – remove files or directories SYNOPSIS rm [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… DESCRIPTION This manual page documents the GNU version of rm. rm removes each specified file. By default, it does not remove directories. If the -I or –interactive=once option is given, and there are more than three files or the -r, -R, or –recursive are…
NAME ps – report a snapshot of the current processes. SYNOPSIS ps [,options/] DESCRIPTION ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top instead. This version of ps accepts several kinds of options: 1 UNIX options, which may be…
NAME mv – move (rename) files SYNOPSIS mv [,OPTION/]… [,-T/] ,SOURCE DEST/ mv [,OPTION/]… ,SOURCE/… ,DIRECTORY/ mv [,OPTION/]… ,-t DIRECTORY SOURCE/… DESCRIPTION Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. –backup[=,CONTROL/] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like –backup but…
NAME mkdir – make directories SYNOPSIS mkdir [,OPTION/]… ,DIRECTORY/… DESCRIPTION Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -m, –mode=,MODE/ set file mode (as in chmod), not a=rwx – umask -p, –parents no error if existing, make parent directories as needed -v, –verbose…
NAME less – opposite of more SYNOPSIS less -? less –help less -V less –version less [-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] [-b space/] [-h lines/] [-j line/] [-k keyfile/] [-{oO} logfile/] [-p pattern/] [-P prompt/] [-t tag/] [-T tagsfile/] [-x tab/,…] [-y lines/] [-[z] lines/] [-# shift/] [+[+]cmd/] [–] [filename/]… (See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with…
NAME kill – send a signal to a process SYNOPSIS kill [options] <pid> […] DESCRIPTION The default signal for kill is TERM. Use -l or -L to list available signals. Particularly useful signals include HUP, INT, KILL, STOP, CONT, and 0. Alternate signals may be specified in three ways: -9, -SIGKILL or -KILL. Negative PID…
NAME head – output the first part of files SYNOPSIS head [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… DESCRIPTION Print the first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options…
NAME gzip, gunzip, zcat – compress or expand files SYNOPSIS gzip [ -acdfhklLnNrtvV19 ] [-S suffix] [ name … ] gunzip [ -acfhklLnNrtvV ] [-S suffix] [ name … ] zcat [ -fhLV ] [ name … ] DESCRIPTION Gzip reduces the size of the named files using Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Whenever possible, each file…