Section 1: user commands and tools
NAME pgmedge – edge-detect a portable graymap SYNOPSIS pgmedge [pgmfile] DESCRIPTION Reads a portable graymap as input. Outlines the edges, and writes a portable graymap as output. Piping the result through pgmtopbm -threshold and playing with the threshold value will give a bitmap of the edges. The edge detection technique used is to take the…
NAME pgmdeshadow – Deshadow a PGM image SYNOPSIS pgmdeshadow [pnmfile] DESCRIPTION This program is part of Netpbm(1) pgmdeshadow removes gray shadows from an image. This is useful for an image containing text, such as a scanned book pages, where a shadow typically appears near the book crease or near one side of the image. pgmdeshadow…
NAME pgmcrater – create cratered terrain by fractal forgery SYNOPSIS pgmcrater [-number n] [-height|-ysize s] [-width|-xsize s] [-gamma g] All options can be abbreviated to their shortest unique prefix. DESCRIPTION pgmcrater creates a PGM image which mimics cratered terrain. The PGM image is created by simulating the impact of a given number of craters…
NAME pgmbentley – Bentleyize a portable graymap SYNOPSIS pgmbentley [pgmfile] DESCRIPTION Reads a portable graymap as input. Performs The Bentley Effect, and writes a portable graymap as output. The Bentley Effect is described in "Beyond Photography" by Holzmann, chapter 4, photo 4. It’s a vertical smearing based on brightness. SEE ALSO pgmoil(1), ppmrelief(1), pgm(5) AUTHOR…
NAME pgmabel – create cross section using Abel Integration for Deconvolution SYNOPSIS pgmabel [-help] [-axis axis] [-factor factor] [-pixsize pixsize] [-left | -right] [-verbose] [filespec] DESCRIPTION This program is part of Netpbm(1) pgmabel reads as input a PGM image, which it assumes to be an image of a rotational symmetric transparent object. The image must…
NAME pgcenter – is the PostgreSQL administration console with top-like monitoring. SYNOPSIS pgcenter [OPTION]… [DBNAME [USERNAME]] DESCRIPTION PostgreSQL provides various statistics which includes information about tables, indexes, functions and other database objects and their usage. Moreover, statistics has information about connections, current queries and database operations (INSERT/DELETE/UPDATE). But most of this statistics are provided as…
NAME pgbench – run a benchmark test on PostgreSQL SYNOPSIS pgbench -i [option…] [dbname] pgbench [option…] [dbname] DESCRIPTION pgbench is a simple program for running benchmark tests on PostgreSQL. It runs the same sequence of SQL commands over and over, possibly in multiple concurrent database sessions, and then calculates the average transaction rate (transactions per…
NAME gawk – pattern scanning and processing language SYNOPSIS gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] -f program-file [ — ] file … gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] [ — ] program-text file … pgawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] -f program-file [ — ] file … pgawk […
NAME pg_upgrade – upgrade a PostgreSQL server instance SYNOPSIS pg_upgrade -b oldbindir -B newbindir -d olddatadir -D newdatadir [option…] DESCRIPTION pg_upgrade (formerly called pg_migrator) allows data stored in PostgreSQL data files to be upgraded to a later PostgreSQL major version without the data dump/reload typically required for major version upgrades, e.g. from 8.4.7 to the…
NAME pg_top – display and update information about the top cpu PostgreSQL processes SYNOPSIS pg_top [ OPTIONS ] [ NUMBER ] DESCRIPTION pg_top displays the top processes on the system and periodically updates this information. Raw cpu percentage is used to rank the processes. If number is given, then the top number processes will be…
NAME pg_test_timing – measure timing overhead SYNOPSIS pg_test_timing [option…] DESCRIPTION pg_test_timing is a tool to measure the timing overhead on your system and confirm that the system time never moves backwards. Systems that are slow to collect timing data can give less accurate EXPLAIN ANALYZE results. OPTIONS pg_test_timing accepts the following command-line options: -d duration,…
NAME pg_test_fsync – determine fastest wal_sync_method for PostgreSQL SYNOPSIS pg_test_fsync [option…] DESCRIPTION pg_test_fsync is intended to give you a reasonable idea of what the fastest wal_sync_method is on your specific system, as well as supplying diagnostic information in the event of an identified I/O problem. However, differences shown by pg_test_fsync might not make any difference…
NAME pg_standby – supports the creation of a PostgreSQL warm standby server SYNOPSIS pg_standby [option…] archivelocation nextwalfile xlogfilepath [restartwalfile] DESCRIPTION pg_standby supports creation of a “warm standby” database server. It is designed to be a production-ready program, as well as a customizable template should you require specific modifications. pg_standby is designed to be a waiting…
NAME pg_restore – restore a PostgreSQL database from an archive file created by pg_dump SYNOPSIS pg_restore [connection-option…] [option…] [filename] DESCRIPTION pg_restore is a utility for restoring a PostgreSQL database from an archive created by pg_dump(1) in one of the non-plain-text formats. It will issue the commands necessary to reconstruct the database to the state it…
NAME pg_resetxlog – reset the write-ahead log and other control information of a PostgreSQL database cluster SYNOPSIS pg_resetxlog [-f] [-n] [-o oid] [-x xid] [-e xid_epoch] [-m mxid] [-O mxoff] [-l timelineid,fileid,seg] datadir DESCRIPTION pg_resetxlog clears the write-ahead log (WAL) and optionally resets some other control information stored in the pg_control file. This function is sometimes needed if these files have…
NAME pg_receivexlog – streams transaction logs from a PostgreSQL cluster SYNOPSIS pg_receivexlog [option…] DESCRIPTION pg_receivexlog is used to stream transaction log from a running PostgreSQL cluster. The transaction log is streamed using the streaming replication protocol, and is written to a local directory of files. This directory can be used as the archive location for…
NAME pg_dumpall – extract a PostgreSQL database cluster into a script file SYNOPSIS pg_dumpall [connection-option…] [option…] DESCRIPTION pg_dumpall is a utility for writing out (“dumping”) all PostgreSQL databases of a cluster into one script file. The script file contains SQL commands that can be used as input to psql(1) to restore the databases. It does…
NAME pg_dump – extract a PostgreSQL database into a script file or other archive file SYNOPSIS pg_dump [connection-option…] [option…] [dbname] DESCRIPTION pg_dump is a utility for backing up a PostgreSQL database. It makes consistent backups even if the database is being used concurrently. pg_dump does not block other users accessing the database (readers or writers)….
NAME pg_ctl – initialize, start, stop, or control a PostgreSQL server SYNOPSIS pg_ctl init[db] [-s] [-D datadir] [-o initdb-options] pg_ctl start [-w] [-t seconds] [-s] [-D datadir] [-l filename] [-o options] [-p path] [-c] pg_ctl stop [-W] [-t seconds] [-s] [-D datadir] [-m s[mart] | f[ast] | i[mmediate]] pg_ctl restart [-w] [-t seconds] [-s] [-D datadir] [-c] [-m s[mart] | f[ast] | i[mmediate]] [-o options] pg_ctl reload [-s] [-D datadir] pg_ctl status [-D datadir] pg_ctl promote [-s] [-D datadir] pg_ctl…
NAME pg_controldata – display control information of a PostgreSQL database cluster SYNOPSIS pg_controldata [option] [datadir] DESCRIPTION pg_controldata prints information initialized during initdb, such as the catalog version. It also shows information about write-ahead logging and checkpoint processing. This information is cluster-wide, and not specific to any one database. This utility can only be run by…