Section 3: library functions
std::ios_base::Init – std::ios_base::Init Synopsis class Init; This class is used to ensure that the default C++ streams (std::cin, std::cout, etc.) are properly initialized and destructed. The class tracks how many instances of it are created and initializes the C++ streams when the first instance is constructed as well as flushes the output streams when the…
std::ios_base – std::ios_base Synopsis Defined in header <ios> class ios_base; The class ios_base is a multipurpose class that serves as the base class for all I/O stream classes. It maintains several kinds of data: 1) state information: stream status flags 2) control information: flags that control formatting of both input and output sequences and the…
std::basic_ios – std::basic_ios Synopsis Defined in header <ios> template< class CharT, class Traits = std::char_traits<CharT> > class basic_ios : public std::ios_base The class std::basic_ios provides facilities for interfacing with objects that have std::basic_streambuf interface. Several std::basic_ios objects can refer to one actual std::basic_streambuf object. std-basic ios-inheritance.svg Inheritance diagram Two specializations for common character types are…
std::io_errc – std::io_errc Synopsis Defined in header <ios> enum class io_errc { stream = 1, (since C++11) }; The scoped enumeration std::io_errc defines the error codes reported by I/O streams in std::ios_base::failure exception objects. Only one error code (std::io_errc::stream) is required, although the implementation may define additional error codes. Because the appropriate specialization of std::is_error_code_enum…
std::invoke – std::invoke Synopsis Defined in header <functional> template< class F, class… Args> (since C++17) std::invoke_result_t<F, Args…> invoke(F&& f, Args&&… args) noexcept(/* see below */); Invoke the Callable object f with the parameters args. As by INVOKE(std::forward<F>(f), std::forward<Args>(args)…). where INVOKE(f, t1, t2, …, tN) is defined as follows: * If f is a pointer_to_member_function of…
std::invalid_argument – std::invalid_argument Synopsis Defined in header <stdexcept> class invalid_argument; Defines a type of object to be thrown as exception. It reports errors that arise because an argument value has not been accepted. This exception is thrown by std::bitset::bitset, and the std::stoi and std::stof families of functions. std-invalid argument-inheritance.svg Inheritance diagram Member functions constructs the…
std::integral_constant – std::integral_constant Synopsis Defined in header<type_traits> template <class T, T v> (since C++ 11) struct integral_constant; std::integral_constant wraps a static constant of specified type. It is the base class for the C++ type traits. Helper templates A helper alias template std::bool_constant is defined for the common case where T is bool. (since C++17) template…
std::integer_sequence – std::integer_sequence Synopsis Defined in header <utility> template< class T, T… Ints > (since C++14) class integer_sequence; The class template std::integer_sequence represents a compile-time sequence of integers. When used as an argument to a function_template, the parameter_pack Ints can be deduced and used in pack expansion. Template parameters T – an integer type to…
std::inserter – std::inserter Synopsis Defined in header <iterator> template< class Container > (until C++20) std::insert_iterator<Container> inserter( Container& c, typename Container::iterator i ); template< class Container > (since C++20) constexpr std::insert_iterator<Container> inserter( Container& c, ranges::iterator_t<Container> i ); inserter is a convenience function template that constructs a std::insert_iterator for the container c and its iterator i with…
std::insert_iterator<Container>::operator= – std::insert_iterator<Container>::operator= Synopsis insert_iterator<Container> &(until C++ 11) operator=(typename Container::const_reference value); insert_iterator<Container> &(since C++ 11) operator=(const typename Container::value_type &value); (until C++ 20) constexpr insert_iterator<Container> &(1)(since C++ 20) operator=(const typename Container::value_type &value); insert_iterator<Container> &(since C++ 11) operator=(typename Container::value_type &&value); (2)(until C++ 20) constexpr insert_iterator<Container> &(since C++ 20) operator=(typename Container::value_type &&value); Inserts the given value value to…
std::insert_iterator<Container>::insert_iterator – std::insert_iterator<Container>::insert_iterator Synopsis insert_iterator() = default; (1) (since C++20) insert_iterator( Container& c, typename Container::iterator i ); (2) (until C++20) constexpr insert_iterator( Container& c, ranges::iterator_t<Container> i ); (since C++20) 1) Initializes the underlying pointer to container with nullptr and value-initializes the underlying iterator. (since C++20) 2) Initializes the underlying pointer to the container to std::addressof(c)…
std::insert_iterator – std::insert_iterator Synopsis Defined in header<iterator> template <class Container> class insert_iterator : public std::iterator<std::output_iterator_tag, (until C++ 17) void, void, void, void> template <class Container> (since C++ 17) class insert_iterator; std::insert_iterator is a LegacyOutputIterator that inserts elements into a container for which it was constructed, at the position pointed to by the supplied iterator. The…
std::input_iterator_tag – Synopsis Inherited by std::forward_iterator_tag. Detailed Description Marking input iterators. Definition at line 89 of file stl_iterator_base_types.h. Author Generated automatically by Doxygen for libstdc++ from the source code.
std::input_iterator_tag,std::output_iterator_tag,std::forward_iterator_tag,std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,std::random_access_iterator_tag,std::contiguous_iterator_tag – std::input_iterator_tag,std::output_iterator_tag,std::forward_iterator_tag,std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,std::random_access_iterator_tag,std::contiguous_iterator_tag Synopsis Defined in header <iterator> struct input_iterator_tag { }; struct output_iterator_tag { }; struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { }; struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { }; struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { }; struct contiguous_iterator_tag: public random_access_iterator_tag { }; (since C++20) Defines the category of an iterator. Each tag is an…
std::input_iterator_tag,std::output_iterator_tag,std::forward_iterator_tag, – std::input_iterator_tag,std::output_iterator_tag,std::forward_iterator_tag, Synopsis std::contiguous_iterator_tag Defined in header<iterator> struct input_iterator_tag { }; struct output_iterator_tag { }; struct forward_iterator_tag : public input_iterator_tag { }; struct bidirectional_iterator_tag : public forward_iterator_tag { }; struct random_access_iterator_tag : public bidirectional_iterator_tag { }; struct contiguous_iterator_tag : public random_access_iterator_tag { (since C++ 20) }; Defines the category of an iterator. Each tag…
std::inplace_merge – std::inplace_merge Synopsis Defined in header<algorithm> template <class BidirIt> (1) void inplace_merge(BidirIt first, BidirIt middle, BidirIt last); template <class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirIt> (2)(since C++ 17) void inplace_merge(ExecutionPolicy &&policy, BidirIt first, BidirIt middle, BidirIt last); template <class BidirIt, class Compare> (3) void inplace_merge(BidirIt first, BidirIt middle, BidirIt last, Compare comp); template <class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirIt,…
std::inner_product – std::inner_product Synopsis Defined in header <numeric> template< class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class T > T inner_product( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, (1) InputIt2 first2, T init ); template<class InputIt1, class InputIt2, class T, class BinaryOperation1, class BinaryOperation2> T inner_product( InputIt1 first1, InputIt1 last1, (2) InputIt2 first2, T init, BinaryOperation1 op1, BinaryOperation2 op2 ); Computes…
std::initializer_list<T>::size – std::initializer_list<T>::size Synopsis size_type size() const noexcept; (since C++11) (until C++14) constexpr size_type size() const noexcept; (since C++14) Returns the number of elements in the initializer list, i.e. std::distance(begin(), end()). Parameters (none) Return value the number of elements in the initializer list Complexity Constant
std::initializer_list<T>::initializer_list – std::initializer_list<T>::initializer_list Synopsis initializer_list() noexcept; (since C++11) (until C++14) constexpr initializer_list() noexcept; (since C++14) Constructs an empty initializer list. Parameters (none) Complexity Constant Example // Run this code #include <iostream> #include <initializer_list> int main() { std::initializer_list<int> empty_list; std::cout << "empty_list.size(): " << empty_list.size() << ‘\n’; // create initializer lists using list-initialization std::initializer_list<int> digits{1, 2,…
std::initializer_list<T>::end – std::initializer_list<T>::end Synopsis const T *end() const noexcept; (since C++ 11)(until C++ 14) constexpr const T *end() const noexcept; (since C++ 14) Returns a pointer to one past the last element in the initializer list, i.e. begin() + size(). If the initializer list is empty, the values of begin() and end() are unspecified, but…