Linux Manuals

strings – print the strings of printable characters in files. Synopsisstrings [-afovV] [–min-len]   [-n min-len] [–bytes=min-len]   [-t radix] [–radix=radix]   [-e encoding] [–encoding=encoding]   [–] [–all] [–print-file-name]   [-T bfdname] [–target=bfdname]   [–help] [–version] file… DescriptionFor each file given, GNU strings prints the printable character sequences that are at least 4 characters long (or the number given with the options below) and are followed by an unprintable character. By default, it…

size – list section sizes and total size. Synopsissize [-A|-B|–format=compatibility]   [–help]   [-d|-o|-x|–radix=number]   [–common]   [-t|–totals]   [–target=bfdname] [-V|–version]   [objfile…] DescriptionThe GNU size utility lists the section sizes—and the total size—for each of the object or archive files objfile in its argument list. By default, one line of output is generated for each object file or each module in…

readelf – Displays information about ELF files. Synopsisreadelf [-a|–all]   [-h|–file-header]   [-l|–program-headers|–segments]   [-S|–section-headers|–sections]   [-g|–section-groups]   [-t|–section-details]   [-e|–headers]   [-s|–syms|–symbols]   [–dyn-syms]   [-n|–notes]   [-r|–relocs]   [-u|–unwind]   [-d|–dynamic]   [-V|–version-info]   [-A|–arch-specific]   [-D|–use-dynamic]   [-x <number or name>|–hex-dump=<number or name>]   [-p <number or name>|–string-dump=<number or name>]   [-R <number or name>|–relocated-dump=<number or name>]   [-c|–archive-index]   [-w[lLiaprmfFsoRt]|    –debug-dump[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]]   [–dwarf-depth=n]   [–dwarf-start=n]   [-I|–histogram]   [-v|–version]   [-W|–wide]   [-H|–help]   elffile… Descriptionreadelf displays information about one or…

ranlib – generate index to archive. Synopsisranlib [–plugin name] [-DhHvVt] archive Descriptionranlib generates an index to the contents of an archive and stores it in the archive. The index lists each symbol defined by a member of an archive that is a relocatable object file. You may use nm -s or nm –print-armap to list…

objdump – display information from object files. Synopsisobjdump [-a|–archive-headers]   [-b bfdname|–target=bfdname]   [-C|–demangle[=style] ]   [-d|–disassemble]   [-D|–disassemble-all]   [-z|–disassemble-zeroes]   [-EB|-EL|–endian={big | little }]   [-f|–file-headers]   [-F|–file-offsets]   [–file-start-context]   [-g|–debugging]   [-e|–debugging-tags]   [-h|–section-headers|–headers]   [-i|–info]   [-j section|–section=section]   [-l|–line-numbers]   [-S|–source]   [-m machine|–architecture=machine]   [-M options|–disassembler-options=options]   [-p|–private-headers]   [-P options|–private=options]   [-r|–reloc]   [-R|–dynamic-reloc]   [-s|–full-contents]   [-W[lLiaprmfFsoRt]|    –dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index]]   [-G|–stabs]   [-t|–syms]   [-T|–dynamic-syms]   [-x|–all-headers]   [-w|–wide]   [–start-address=address]   [–stop-address=address]   [–prefix-addresses]   [–[no-]show-raw-insn]   [–adjust-vma=offset]   [–special-syms]   [–prefix=prefix]   [–prefix-strip=level]   [–insn-width=width]   [-V|–version]   [-H|–help]   objfile… Descriptionobjdump displays…

objcopy – copy and translate object files Synopsisobjcopy [-F bfdname|–target=bfdname]   [-I bfdname|–input-target=bfdname]   [-O bfdname|–output-target=bfdname]   [-B bfdarch|–binary-architecture=bfdarch]   [-S|–strip-all]   [-g|–strip-debug]   [-K symbolname|–keep-symbol=symbolname]   [-N symbolname|–strip-symbol=symbolname]   [–strip-unneeded-symbol=symbolname]   [-G symbolname|–keep-global-symbol=symbolname]   [–localize-hidden]   [-L symbolname|–localize-symbol=symbolname]   [–globalize-symbol=symbolname]   [-W symbolname|–weaken-symbol=symbolname]   [-w|–wildcard]   [-x|–discard-all]   [-X|–discard-locals]   [-b byte|–byte=byte]   [-i [breadth]|–interleave[=breadth]]   [–interleave-width=width]   [-j sectionpattern|–only-section=sectionpattern]   [-R sectionpattern|–remove-section=sectionpattern]   [-p|–preserve-dates]   [-D|–enable-deterministic-archives]   [-U|–disable-deterministic-archives]   [–debugging]   [–gap-fill=val]   [–pad-to=address]   [–set-start=val]   [–adjust-start=incr]   [–change-addresses=incr]   [–change-section-address sectionpattern{=,+,-}val]   [–change-section-lma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val]   [–change-section-vma sectionpattern{=,+,-}val]   [–change-warnings] [–no-change-warnings]   [–set-section-flags sectionpattern=flags]   [–add-section sectionname=filename]   [–rename-section oldname=newname[,flags]]   [–long-section-names {enable,disable,keep}]   [–change-leading-char] [–remove-leading-char]   [–reverse-bytes=num]   [–srec-len=ival] [–srec-forceS3]   [–redefine-sym old=new]   [–redefine-syms=filename]   [–weaken]   [–keep-symbols=filename]…

nm – list symbols from object files Synopsisnm [-A|-o|–print-file-name] [-a|–debug-syms] [-B|–format=bsd] [-C|–demangle[=style]] [-D|–dynamic] [-fformat|–format=format] [-g|–extern-only] [-h|–help] [-l|–line-numbers] [-n|-v|–numeric-sort] [-P|–portability] [-p|–no-sort] [-r|–reverse-sort] [-S|–print-size] [-s|–print-armap] [-t radix|–radix=radix] [-u|–undefined-only] [-V|–version] [-X 32_64] [–defined-only] [–no-demangle] [–plugin name] [–size-sort] [–special-syms] [–synthetic] [–target=bfdname] [objfile…] DescriptionGNU nm lists the symbols from object files objfile…. If no object files are listed as arguments, nm assumes the file a.out. For each symbol, nm shows: • The symbol value, in…

ld – The GNU linker Synopsisld [options] objfile … Descriptionld combines a number of object and archive files, relocates their data and ties up symbol references. Usually the last step in compiling a program is to run ld. ld accepts Linker Command Language files written in a superset of AT&T‘s Link Editor Command Language syntax,…

gprof – display call graph profile data Synopsisgprof [ -[abcDhilLrsTvwxyz] ] [ -[ACeEfFJnNOpPqQZ][name] ]  [ -I dirs ] [ -d[num] ] [ -k from/to ]  [ -m min-count ] [ -R map_file ] [ -t table-length ]  [ –[no-]annotated-source[=name] ]   [ –[no-]exec-counts[=name] ]  [ –[no-]flat-profile[=name] ] [ –[no-]graph[=name] ]  [ –[no-]time=name] [ –all-lines ] [ –brief ]   [ –debug[=level] ] [ –function-ordering ]   [ –file-ordering map_file ] [ –directory-path=dirs ]  [ –display-unused-functions ] [ –file-format=name ]  [ –file-info ] [ –help ] [ –line ] [ –min-count=n ]  [ –no-static ] [ –print-path ] [ –separate-files ]  [ –static-call-graph ] [ –sum ] [ –table-length=len ]  [ –traditional ] [ –version ] [ –width=n ]  [ –ignore-non-functions ] [ –demangle[=STYLE] ]  [ –no-demangle ] [–external-symbol-table=name]   [ image-file ] [ profile-file … ] Description"gprof" produces an execution profile of C, Pascal, or Fortran77 programs. The effect of called routines is incorporated in the profile of each caller. The…

gdb – The GNU Debugger Synopsisgdb [-help] [-nx] [-q] [-batch] [-cd=dir] [-f] [-b bps] [-tty=dev] [-s symfile] [-e prog] [-se prog] [-c core] [-x cmds] [-d dir] [prog[core|procID]]DescriptionThe purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is going on “inside” another program while it executes—or what another program was doing…

gdb – The GNU Debugger Synopsisgdb [-help] [-nx] [-q] [-batch] [-cd=dir] [-f] [-b bps] [-tty=dev] [-s symfile] [-e prog] [-se prog] [-c core] [-x cmds] [-d dir] [prog[core|procID]]DescriptionThe purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is going on “inside” another program while it executes—or what another program was doing…

gcov – coverage testing tool Synopsisgcov [-v|–version] [-h|–help]   [-a|–all-blocks]   [-b|–branch-probabilities]   [-c|–branch-counts]   [-d|–display-progress]   [-f|–function-summaries]   [-i|–intermediate-format]   [-l|–long-file-names]   [-m|–demangled-names]   [-n|–no-output]   [-o|–object-directory directory|file]   [-p|–preserve-paths]   [-r|–relative-only]   [-s|–source-prefix directory]   [-u|–unconditional-branches]   files Descriptiongcov is a test coverage program. Use it in concert with GCC to analyze your programs to help create more efficient, faster running code and to discover untested parts of your program….

gcc – GNU project C and C++ compiler Synopsisgcc [-c|-S|-E] [-std=standard]  [-g] [-pg] [-Olevel]  [-Wwarn…] [-Wpedantic]  [-Idir…] [-Ldir…]  [-Dmacro[=defn]…] [-Umacro]  [-foption…] [-mmachine-option…]  [-o outfile] [@file] infile… Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder. g++ accepts mostly the same options as gcc. DescriptionWhen you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking. The “overall options” allow you…

gcc – GNU project C and C++ compiler Synopsisgcc [-c|-S|-E] [-std=standard]  [-g] [-pg] [-Olevel]  [-Wwarn…] [-Wpedantic]  [-Idir…] [-Ldir…]  [-Dmacro[=defn]…] [-Umacro]  [-foption…] [-mmachine-option…]  [-o outfile] [@file] infile… Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder. g++ accepts mostly the same options as gcc. DescriptionWhen you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation, assembly and linking. The “overall options” allow you…

elfedit – Update the ELF header of ELF files. Synopsiselfedit [–input-mach=machine]   [–input-type=type]   [–input-osabi=osabi]   –output-mach=machine   –output-type=type   –output-osabi=osabi   [-v|–version]   [-h|–help]   elffile… Descriptionelfedit updates the ELF header of ELF files which have the matching ELF machine and file types. The options control how and which fields in the ELF header should be updated. elffile… are the ELF files…

cpp – The C Preprocessor Synopsiscpp [-Dmacro[=defn]…] [-Umacro]  [-Idir…] [-iquotedir…]  [-Wwarn…]  [-M|-MM] [-MG] [-MF filename]  [-MP] [-MQ target…]  [-MT target…]  [-P] [-fno-working-directory]  [-x language] [-std=standard]  infile outfile Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remainder. DescriptionThe C preprocessor, often known as cpp, is a macro processor that is used automatically by the C compiler to transform your program before compilation. It…

c++filt – Demangle C++ and Java symbols. Synopsisc++filt [-_|–strip-underscore]   [-n|–no-strip-underscore]   [-p|–no-params]   [-t|–types]   [-i|–no-verbose]   [-s format|–format=format]   [–help]  [–version]  [symbol…] DescriptionThe C++ and Java languages provide function overloading, which means that you can write many functions with the same name, providing that each function takes parameters of different types. In order to be able to distinguish these similarly named functions…

AS – the portable GNU assembler. Synopsisas [-a[cdghlns][=file]] [–alternate] [-D]  [–compress-debug-sections]  [–nocompress-debug-sections]  [–debug-prefix-map old=new]  [–defsym sym=val] [-f] [-g] [–gstabs]  [–gstabs+] [–gdwarf-2] [–gdwarf-sections]  [–help] [-I dir] [-J]  [-K] [-L] [–listing-lhs-width=NUM]  [–listing-lhs-width2=NUM] [–listing-rhs-width=NUM]  [–listing-cont-lines=NUM] [–keep-locals] [-o  objfile] [-R] [–reduce-memory-overheads] [–statistics]  [-v] [-version] [–version] [-W] [–warn]  [–fatal-warnings] [-w] [-x] [-Z] [@FILE]  [–size-check=[error|warning]]  [–target-help] [target-options]  [—|files …] Target AArch64 options: [-EB|-EL] [-mabi=ABI] Target Alpha options: [-mcpu] [-mdebug | -no-mdebug] [-replace | -noreplace] [-relax] [-g] [-Gsize] [-F] [-32addr] Target ARC options: [-marc[5|6|7|8]] [-EB|-EL] Target ARM options: [-mcpu=processor[+extension…]] [-march=architecture[+extension…]] [-mfpu=floating-point-format] [-mfloat-abi=abi] [-meabi=ver] [-mthumb] [-EB|-EL] [-mapcs-32|-mapcs-26|-mapcs-float|  -mapcs-reentrant] [-mthumb-interwork] [-k]…

ar – create, modify, and extract from archives Synopsisar [–plugin name] [-X32_64] [–]p[mod [relpos] [count]] [–target bfdname] archive [member…] DescriptionThe GNU ar program creates, modifies, and extracts from archives. An archive is a single file holding a collection of other files in a structure that makes it possible to retrieve the original individual files (called…

addr2line – convert addresses into file names and line numbers. Synopsisaddr2line [-a|–addresses]     [-b bfdname|–target=bfdname]     [-C|–demangle[=style]]     [-e filename|–exe=filename]     [-f|–functions] [-s|–basename]     [-i|–inlines]     [-p|–pretty-print]     [-j|–section=name]     [-H|–help] [-V|–version]     [addr addr …] Descriptionaddr2line translates addresses into file names and line numbers. Given an address in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable object, it uses the debugging information to figure…