clisp (1) - Linux Manuals

clisp: ANSI Common Lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger.

NAME

clisp - ANSI Common Lisp compiler, interpreter and debugger.

SYNOPSIS

clisp [[-h] | [--help]] [--version] [--license] [-help-image] [-B lisp-lib-dir] [-K linking-set] [-M mem-file] [-m memory-size] [-L language] [-N locale-dir] [-Edomain encoding] [[-q] | [--quiet] | [--silent] | [-v] | [--verbose]] [-on-error action] [-repl] [-w] [-I] [[-ansi] | [-traditional]] [-modern] [-p package] [-C] [-norc] [-lp directory...] [-i init-file...] [-c [-llisp-file [-o output-file]...] [-x expressions...] [lisp-file [argument...]]

DESCRIPTION

Invokes the Common Lisp[1] interpreter and compiler. When called without arguments, executes the read-eval-print loop[2], in which expressions are in turn READ[3] from the standard input, EVAL[4]uated by the lisp interpreter, and their results are PRINT[5]ed to the standard output. Invoked with -c, compiles the specified lisp files to a platform-independent bytecode which can be executed more efficiently.

OPTIONS

-h
--help

Displays a help message on how to invoke CLISP[6].

--version

Displays the CLISP[6] version number, as given by the function LISP-IMPLEMENTATION-VERSION[7], the value of the variable *FEATURES*, as well some other information.

--license

Displays a summary of the licensing information, the GNU[8] GPL[9].

-help-image

Displays information about the memory image being invoked: whether is it suitable for scripting as well as the :DOCUMENTATION supplied to EXT:SAVEINITMEM.

-B lisp-lib-dir

Specifies the installation directory. This is the directory containing the linking sets and other data files. This option is normally not necessary, because the installation directory is already built-in into the clisp executable. Directory lisp-lib-dir can be changed dynamically using the SYMBOL-MACRO[10] *LIB-DIRECTORY*.

-K linking-set

Specifies the linking set to be run. This is a directory (relative to the lisp-lib-dir) containing at least a main executable (runtime) and an initial memory image. Possible values are

base

the core CLISP[6]

full

core plus all the modules with which this installation was built, see Section 32.2, lqExternal Modulesrq.

The default is base.

-M mem-file

Specifies the initial memory image. This must be a memory dump produced by the EXT:SAVEINITMEM function by this clisp runtime. It may have been compressed using GNU[8] gzip[11].

-m memory-size

Sets the amount of memory CLISP[6] tries to grab on startup. The amount may be given as

n
nB

measured in bytes

n
nW

measured in machine words (4×n on 32-bit platforms, 8×n on 64-bit platforms)

nK
nKB

measured in kilobytes

nKW

measured in kilowords

nM
nMB

measured in megabytes

nMW

measured in megawords

The default is 3 megabytes. The argument is constrained above 100 KB.

This version of CLISP[6] is not likely to actually use the entire memory-size since garbage-collection will periodically reduce the amount of used memory. It is therefore common to specify 10 MB even if only 2 MB are going to be used.

-L language

Specifies the language CLISP[6] uses to communicate with the user. This may be one of english, german, french, spanish, dutch, russian, danish. Other languages may be specified through the environment variable[12] LANG, provided the corresponding message catalog is installed. The language may be changed dynamically using the SYMBOL-MACRO[10] CUSTOM:*CURRENT-LANGUAGE*.

-N locale-dir

Specifies the base directory of locale files. CLISP[6] will search its message catalogs in locale-dir/language/LC_MESSAGES/clisp.mo. This directory may be changed dynamically using the SYMBOL-MACRO[10] CUSTOM:*CURRENT-LANGUAGE*.

-Edomainencoding

Specifies the encoding used for the given domain, overriding the default which depends on the environment variable[12]s LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE, LANG. domain can be

file

affecting CUSTOM:*DEFAULT-FILE-ENCODING*

pathname

affecting CUSTOM:*PATHNAME-ENCODING*

terminal

affecting CUSTOM:*TERMINAL-ENCODING*

foreign

affecting CUSTOM:*FOREIGN-ENCODING*

misc

affecting CUSTOM:*MISC-ENCODING*

blank

affecting all of the above.


Warning Note that the values of these SYMBOL-MACRO[10]s that have been saved in a memory image are ignored: these SYMBOL-MACRO[10]s are reset based on the OS environment after the memory image is loaded. You have to use the RC file, CUSTOM:*INIT-HOOKS* or init function to set them on startup, but it is best to set the aforementioned environment variable[12]s appropriately for consistency with other programs. See Section 31.1, lqCustomizing CLISP Process Initialization and Terminationrq.

-q
--quiet
--silent
-v
--verbose

Change verbosity level: by default, CLISP[6] displays a banner at startup and a good-bye message when quitting, and initializes *LOAD-VERBOSE*[13] and *COMPILE-VERBOSE*[14] to T[15], and *LOAD-PRINT*[13] and *COMPILE-PRINT*[14] to NIL[16], as per [ANSI CL standard]. The first -q removes the banner and the good-bye message, the second sets variables *LOAD-VERBOSE*[13], *COMPILE-VERBOSE*[14] and CUSTOM:*SAVEINITMEM-VERBOSE* to NIL[16]. The first -v sets variables CUSTOM:*REPORT-ERROR-PRINT-BACKTRACE*, *LOAD-PRINT*[13] and *COMPILE-PRINT*[14] to T[15], the second sets CUSTOM:*LOAD-ECHO* to T[15]. These settings affect the output produced by -i and -c options. Note that these settings persist into the read-eval-print loop[2]. Repeated -q and -v cancel each other, e.g., -q -q -v -v -v is equivalent to -v.

-on-error action

Override (or force) the batch mode imposed by -c, -x, and lisp-file, depending on action:.PP appease
continuable[17] ERROR[18]s are turned into WARNING[19]s (with EXT:APPEASE-CERRORS) other ERROR[18]s are handled in the default way

debug

ERROR[18]s INVOKE-DEBUGGER[20] (the normal read-eval-print loop[2] behavior)

abort

continuable[17] ERROR[18]s are appeased, other ERROR[18]s are ABORT[21]ed with EXT:ABORT-ON-ERROR

exit

continuable[17] ERROR[18]s are appeased, other ERROR[18]s terminate CLISP[6] with EXT:EXIT-ON-ERROR

See also EXT:SET-GLOBAL-HANDLER.

-repl

Start an interactive read-eval-print loop[2] after processing the -c, -x, and lisp-file options and on any ERROR[18] SIGNAL[22]ed during that processing.

-w

Wait for a keypress after program termination.

-I

Interact better with Emacs[23] (useful when running CLISP[6] under Emacs[23] using SLIME[24], ILISP[25] et al). With this option, CLISP[6] interacts in a way that Emacs[23] can deal with:

*unnecessary prompts are not suppressed.

*The GNU[8] readline[26] library treats TAB (see TAB key) as a normal self-inserting character (see Q: A.4.6).

-ansi

Comply with the [ANSI CL standard] specification even where CLISP[6] has been traditionally different by setting the SYMBOL-MACRO[10] CUSTOM:*ANSI* to T[15].

-traditional

Traditional: reverses the residual effects of -ansi in the saved memory image.

-modern

Provides a modern view of symbols: at startup the *PACKAGE*[27] variable will be set to the lqCS-COMMON-LISP-USERrq package, and the *PRINT-CASE*[28] will be set to :DOWNCASE. This has the effect that symbol lookup is case-sensitive (except for keywords and old-style packages) and that keywords and uninterned symbols are printed with lower-case preferrence. See Section 11.5, lqPackage Case-Sensitivityrq.

-p package

At startup the value of the variable *PACKAGE*[27] will be set to the package named package. The default is the value of *PACKAGE*[27] when the image was saved, normally lqCOMMON-LISP-USERrq[29].

-C

Compile when loading: at startup the value of the variable CUSTOM:*LOAD-COMPILING* will be set to T[15]. Code being LOAD[30]ed will then be COMPILE[31]d on the fly. This results in slower loading, but faster execution.

-norc

Normally CLISP[6] loads the user lqrun controlrq (RC)[32] file on startup (this happens after the -C option is processed). The file loaded is .clisprc.lisp or .clisprc.fas in the home directory USER-HOMEDIR-PATHNAME[33], whichever is newer. This option, -norc, prevents loading of the RC file.

-lp directory

Specifies directories to be added to CUSTOM:*LOAD-PATHS* at startup. This is done after loading the RC file (so that it does not override the command-line option) but before loading the init-files specified by the -i options (so that the init-files will be searched for in the specified directories). Several -lp options can be given; all the specified directories will be added.

-i init-file

Specifies initialization files to be LOAD[30]ed at startup. These should be lisp files (source or compiled). Several -i options can be given; all the specified files will be loaded in order.

-c lisp-file

Compiles the specified lisp-files to bytecode (*.fas). The compiled files can then be LOAD[30]ed instead of the sources to gain efficiency.

-o outputfile

Specifies the output file or directory for the compilation of the last specified lisp-file.

-l

Produce a bytecode DISASSEMBLE[34] listing (*.lis) of the files being compiled. Useful only for debugging. See Section 24.1, lqFunction COMPILE-FILErq for details.

-x expressions

Executes a series of arbitrary expressions instead of a read-eval-print loop[2]. The values of the expressions will be output to *STANDARD-OUTPUT*[35]. Due to the argument processing done by the shell, the expressions must be enclosed in double quotes, and double quotes and backslashes must be escaped with backslashes.

lisp-file [ argument ... ]

Loads and executes a lisp-file, as described in Script execution. There will be no read-eval-print loop[2]. Before lisp-file is loaded, the variable EXT:*ARGS* will be bound to a list of strings, representing the arguments. The first line of lisp-file may start with #!, thus permitting CLISP[6] to be used as a script interpreter. If lisp-file is -, the *STANDARD-INPUT*[35] is used instead of a file.

This option is disabled if the memory image was created by EXT:SAVEINITMEM with NIL[16] :SCRIPT argument. In that case the LIST[36] EXT:*ARGS* starts with lisp-file.

This option must be the last one.

No RC file will be executed.

As usual, -- stops option processing and places all remaining command line arguments into EXT:*ARGS*.

LANGUAGE REFERENCE

The language implemented is ANSI[38][37] Common Lisp[1]. The implementation mostly conforms to the ANSI Common Lisp standard, see Section 31.10, lqMaximum ANSI CL compliancerq.

[ANSI CL] ANSI CL standard1994. ANSI INCITS 226-1994 (R1999) Information Technology - Programming Language - Common Lisp[39] [formerly ANSI X3.226-1994 (R1999)].

USAGE

help

get context-sensitive on-line help, see Chapter 25, Environment.

(APROPOS name)

list the SYMBOL[40]s matching name.

(DESCRIBE symbol)

describe the symbol.

(exit)
(quit)
(bye)

quit CLISP[6].

EOF (Control+D on UNIX[41])

leave the current level of the read-eval-print loop[2] (see also Section 1.1, lqSpecial Symbols rq).

arrow keys

for editing and viewing the input history, using the GNU[8] readline[26] library.

TAB key

Context sensitive:

*If you are in the lqfunction positionrq (in the first symbol after an opening paren or in the first symbol after a #'[43]), the completion is limited to the symbols that name functions.

*If you are in the "filename position" (inside a string after #P[44]), the completion is done across file names, bash[45]-style.

*If you have not typed anything yet, you will get a help message, as if by the help command.

*If you have not started typing the next symbol (i.e., you are at a whitespace), the current function or macro is DESCRIBEd.

*Otherwise, the symbol you are currently typing is completed.

FILES

clisp

startup driver (a script or an executable)

lisp.run
lisp.exe

main executable (runtime)

lispinit.mem

initial memory image

config.lisp

site-dependent configuration (should have been customized before CLISP[6] was built); see Section 31.12, lqCustomizing CLISP behaviorrq

*.lisp

lisp source

*.fas

lisp code, compiled by CLISP[6]

*.lib

lisp source library information, generated by COMPILE-FILE, see Section 24.3, lqFunction REQUIRErq.

*.c

C code, compiled from lisp source by CLISP[6] (see Section 32.3, lqThe Foreign Function Call Facilityrq)

For the CLISP[6] source files, see Chapter 34, The source files of CLISP.

ENVIRONMENT

All environment variable[12]s that CLISP[6] uses are read at most once.

CLISP_LANGUAGE

specifies the language CLISP[6] uses to communicate with the user. The legal values are identical to those of the -L option which can be used to override this environment variable[12].

LC_CTYPE

specifies the locale which determines the character set in use. The value can be of the form language or language_country or language_country.charset, where language is a two-letter ISO 639 language code (lower case), country is a two-letter ISO 3166 country code (upper case). charset is an optional character set specification, and needs normally not be given because the character set can be inferred from the language and country. This environment variable[12] can be overridden with the -Edomain encoding option.

LANG

specifies the language CLISP[6] uses to communicate with the user, unless it is already specified through the environment variable[12] CLISP_LANGUAGE or the -L option. It also specifies the locale determining the character set in use, unless already specified through the environment variable[12] LC_CTYPE. The value may begin with a two-letter ISO 639 language code, for example en, de, fr.

HOME
USER

used for determining the value of the function USER-HOMEDIR-PATHNAME[33].

SHELL
COMSPEC

is used to find the interactive command interpreter called by EXT:SHELL.

TERM

determines the screen size recognized by the pretty printer.

ORGANIZATION

for SHORT-SITE-NAME[46] and LONG-SITE-NAME[46] in config.lisp.

CLHSROOT

for CUSTOM:CLHS-ROOT in config.lisp.

IMPNOTES

for CUSTOM:IMPNOTES-ROOT in config.lisp.

EDITOR

for editor-name in config.lisp.

LOGICAL_HOST_host_FROM
LOGICAL_HOST_host_TO
LOGICAL_HOST_host

for CUSTOM:*LOAD-LOGICAL-PATHNAME-TRANSLATIONS-DATABASE*

BUGS

When you encounter a bug in CLISP[6] or in its documentation (this manual page or CLISP impnotes), please report it to the CLISP[6] SourceForge bug tracker[49].

Before submitting a bug report, please take the following basic steps to make the report more useful:

1.Please do a clean build (remove your build directory and build CLISP[6] with ./configure --cbc build or at least do a make distclean before make).

2.If you are reporting a lqhard crashrq (segmentation fault, bus error, core dump etc), please do ./configure --with-debug --cbc build-g ; cd build-g; gdb lisp.run, then load the appropriate linking set by either base or full gdb[50] command, and report the backtrace (see also Q: A.1.1.10).

3.If you are using pre-built binaries and experience a hard crash, the problem is likely to be in the incompatibilities between the platform on which the binary was built and yours; please try compiling the sources and report the problem if it persists.

When submitting a bug report, please specify the following information:

1.What is your platform (uname -a on a UNIX[41] system)? Compiler version? GNU[8] libc[51] version (on GNU[8]/Linux[52])?

2.Where did you get the sources or binaries? When? (Absolute dates, e.g., lq2006-01-17rq, are preferred over the relative ones, e.g., lq2 days agorq).

3.How did you build CLISP[6]? (What command, options &c.)

4.What is the output of clisp --version?

5.Please supply the full output (copy and paste) of all the error messages, as well as detailed instructions on how to reproduce them.

PROJECTS

*Enhance the compiler so that it can inline local functions.

*Add Multi-Threading capabilities, via OS threads.

*Embed CLISP[6] in VIM[53].

AUTHORS

Bruno Haible <http://www.haible.de/bruno/>

The original author and long-time maintainer.

Michael Stoll <http://www.faculty.iu-bremen.de/mstoll/>

The original author.

Sam Steingold <http://sds.podval.org/>

Co-maintainer since 1998.

Others

See COPYRIGHT (file in the CLISP sources) for the list of other contributors and the license.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 1992-2008 Bruno Haible
Copyright © 1998-2008 Sam Steingold

NOTES

1.
Common Lisp
http://www.lisp.org
2.
read-eval-print loop
sec_25-1-1
3.
READ
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_readcm_re_g-whitespace.html
4.
EVAL
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_eval.html
5.
PRINT
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_writecm_p_rintcm_princ.html
6.
CLISP
http://clisp.cons.org
7.
LISP-IMPLEMENTATION-VERSION
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_lisp-impl_tion-version.html
8.
GNU
http://www.gnu.org
9.
GPL
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
10.
SYMBOL-MACRO
mac_define-symbol-macro
11.
gzip
http://www.gzip.org/
12.
environment variable
basedefs/xbd_chap08.html
13.
*LOAD-VERBOSE*
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/var_stload-pr_ad-verbosest.html
14.
*COMPILE-VERBOSE*
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/var_stcompile_le-verbosest.html
15.
T
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/convar_t.html
16.
NIL
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/convar_nil.html
17.
continuable
clhs/glo
18.
ERROR
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/contyp_error.html
19.
WARNING
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/contyp_warning.html
20.
INVOKE-DEBUGGER
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_invoke-debugger.html
21.
ABORT
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_abortcm_c_cm_use-value.html
22.
SIGNAL
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_signal.html
23.
Emacs
http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/
24.
SLIME
http://common-lisp.net/project/slime/
25.
ILISP
http://sourceforge.net/projects/ilisp/
26.
readline
http://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/readline.html
27.
*PACKAGE*
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/var_stpackagest.html
28.
*PRINT-CASE*
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/var_stprint-casest.html
29.
lqCOMMON-LISP-USERrq
sec_11-1-2-2
30.
LOAD
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_load.html
31.
COMPILE
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_compile.html
32.
lqrun
  controlrq (RC)
http://www.faqs.org/docs/artu/ch10s03.html
33.
USER-HOMEDIR-PATHNAME
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_user-homedir-pathname.html
34.
DISASSEMBLE
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_disassemble.html
35.
*STANDARD-OUTPUT*
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/var_stdebug-i_ace-outputst.html
36.
LIST
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/syscla_list.html
37.
ANSI
http://www.ansi.org/
38.
The American National Standards Institute
39.
Information Technology - Programming Language - Common Lisp
http://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ANSI+INCITS+226-1994+(R1999)
40.
SYMBOL
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/syscla_symbol.html
41.
UNIX
http://www.unix.org/online.html
42.
Win32
http://winehq.org/
43.
#'
sec_2-4-8-2
44.
#P
sec_2-4-8-14
45.
bash
http://www.gnu.org/software/bash/
46.
SHORT-SITE-NAME
http://www.lispworks.com/documentation/HyperSpec/Body/fun_short-sit_ng-site-name.html
47.
CMU CL
http://www.cons.org/cmucl/
48.
XEmacs
http://www.xemacs.org
49.
SourceForge bug tracker
http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=add&group_id=1355&atid=101355
50.
gdb
http://sources.redhat.com/gdb/
51.
libc
http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/
52.
Linux
http://www.linux.org/
53.
VIM
http://www.vim.org

SEE ALSO

CLISP impnotes
CMU CL[47] - cmucl(1)
Emacs[23] - emacs(1)
XEmacs[48] - xemacs(1)