std::islower (3) - Linux Manuals

std::islower: std::islower

Command to display std::islower manual in Linux: $ man 3 std::islower

NAME

std::islower - std::islower

Synopsis

Defined in header <cctype>
int islower( int ch );

Checks if the given character is classified as a lowercase character according to the current C locale. In the default "C" locale, islower returns a nonzero value only for the lowercase letters (abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz).
If islower returns a nonzero value, it is guaranteed that iscntrl, isdigit, ispunct, and isspace return zero for the same character in the same C locale.
The behavior is undefined if the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and is not equal to EOF.

Parameters

ch - character to classify

Return value

Non-zero value if the character is a lowercase letter, zero otherwise.

Notes

Like all other functions from <cctype>, the behavior of std::islower is undefined if the argument's value is neither representable as unsigned char nor equal to EOF. To use these functions safely with plain chars (or signed chars), the argument should first be converted to unsigned char:

  bool my_islower(char ch)
  {
      return std::islower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch));
  }

Similarly, they should not be directly used with standard algorithms when the iterator's value type is char or signed char. Instead, convert the value to unsigned char first:

  int count_lowers(const std::string& s)
  {
      return std::count_if(s.begin(), s.end(),
                        // static_cast<int(*)(int)>(std::islower) // wrong
                        // [](int c){ return std::islower(c); } // wrong
                        // [](char c){ return std::islower(c); } // wrong
                           [](unsigned char c){ return std::islower(c); } // correct
                          );
  }

Example

// Run this code

  #include <iostream>
  #include <cctype>
  #include <clocale>

  int main()
  {
      unsigned char c = '\xe5'; // letter å in ISO-8859-1

std::cout << "islower(\'\\xe5\', default C locale) returned "
<< std::boolalpha << (bool)std::islower(c) << '\n';

      std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_GB.iso88591");
      std::cout << "islower(\'\\xe5\', ISO-8859-1 locale) returned "
                << std::boolalpha << (bool)std::islower(c) << '\n';

}

Output:

islower('\xe5', default C locale) returned false
islower('\xe5', ISO-8859-1 locale) returned true

0–8 \x0–\x8 \0–\10 control codes (NUL, etc.) ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 \x9 \11 tab (\t) ≠0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10–13 \xA–\xD \12–\15 whitespaces (\n, \v, \f, \r) ≠0 0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
14–31 \xE–\x1F \16–\37 control codes ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 \x20 \40 space 0 ≠0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
33–47 \x21–\x2F \41–\57 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0
48–57 \x30–\x39 \60–\71 0123456789 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0 0 0 0 ≠0 ≠0
58–64 \x3A–\x40 \72–\100:;<=>?@ 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0
65–70 \x41–\x46 \101–\10ABCDEF 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0
71–90 \x47–\x5A \107–\13GHIJKLMNOP 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0
QRSTUVWXYZ
91–96 \x5B–\x60 \133–\14[\]^_` 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0
97–102\x61–\x66 \141–\14abcdef 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0
103–12\x67–\x7A \147–\17ghijklmnop 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 ≠0 0 0
qrstuvwxyz
123–12\x7B–\x7E \172–\17{|}~ 0 ≠0 0 0 ≠0 ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0
127 \x7F \177 backspace character (DEL) ≠0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0