std::mbrtowc (3) - Linux Manuals

std::mbrtowc: std::mbrtowc

NAME

std::mbrtowc - std::mbrtowc

Synopsis

Defined in header <cwchar>
std::size_t mbrtowc( wchar_t* pwc,
const char* s,
std::size_t n,
std::mbstate_t* ps );

Converts a narrow multibyte character to a wide character.
If s is not a null pointer, inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte character string, beginning with the byte pointed to by s to determine the number of bytes necessary to complete the next multibyte character (including any shift sequences). If the function determines that the next multibyte character in s is complete and valid, converts it to the corresponding wide character and stores it in *pwc (if pwc is not null).
If s is a null pointer, the values of n and pwc are ignored and call is equivalent to std::mbrtowc(NULL, "", 1, ps).
If the wide character produced is the null character, the conversion state stored in *ps is the initial shift state.

Parameters

pwc - pointer to the location where the resulting wide character will be written
s - pointer to the multibyte character string used as input
n - limit on the number of bytes in s that can be examined
ps - pointer to the conversion state used when interpreting the multibyte string

Return value

The first of the following that applies:

* 0 if the character converted from s (and stored in pwc if non-null) was the null character
* the number of bytes [1...n] of the multibyte character successfully converted from s
* static_cast<std::size_t>(-2) if the next n bytes constitute an incomplete, but so far valid, multibyte character. Nothing is written to *pwc.
* static_cast<std::size_t>(-1) if encoding error occurs. Nothing is written to *pwc, the value EILSEQ is stored in errno and the value of *ps is left unspecified.

Example

// Run this code

  #include <iostream>
  #include <clocale>
  #include <cstring>
  #include <cwchar>

  void print_mb(const char* ptr)
  {
      std::mbstate_t state = std::mbstate_t(); // initial state
      const char* end = ptr + std::strlen(ptr);
      int len;
      wchar_t wc;
      while((len = std::mbrtowc(&wc, ptr, end-ptr, &state)) > 0) {
          std::wcout << "Next " << len << " bytes are the character " << wc << '\n';
          ptr += len;
      }
  }

  int main()
  {
      std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
      // UTF-8 narrow multibyte encoding
      const char* str = u8"z\u00df\u6c34\U0001d10b"; // or u8"zß水𝄋"
                        // or "\x7a\xc3\x9f\xe6\xb0\xb4\xf0\x9d\x84\x8b";
      print_mb(str);
  }

Output:

  Next 1 bytes are the character z
  Next 2 bytes are the character ß
  Next 3 bytes are the character 水
  Next 4 bytes are the character 𝄋