std::vector<T,Allocator>::back (3) - Linux Manuals

std::vector<T,Allocator>::back: std::vector<T,Allocator>::back

NAME

std::vector<T,Allocator>::back - std::vector<T,Allocator>::back

Synopsis


reference back();
const_reference back() const;


Returns reference to the last element in the container.
Calling back on an empty container is undefined.

Parameters


(none)

Return value


Reference to the last element.

Complexity


Constant.

Notes


For a container c, the expression return c.back(); is equivalent to { auto tmp = c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }

Example


The following code uses back to display the last element of a std::vector<char>:
// Run this code


  #include <vector>
  #include <iostream>


  int main()
  {
      std::vector<char> letters {'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
      if (!letters.empty()) {
          std::cout << "The last character is: " << letters.back() << '\n';
      }
  }

Output:


  The last character is f

See also


      access the first element
front (public member function)