std::wstring_convert<Codecvt,Elem,Wide_alloc,Byte_alloc>::to_bytes (3) - Linux Manuals

std::wstring_convert<Codecvt,Elem,Wide_alloc,Byte_alloc>::to_bytes: std::wstring_convert<Codecvt,Elem,Wide_alloc,Byte_alloc>::to_bytes

NAME

std::wstring_convert<Codecvt,Elem,Wide_alloc,Byte_alloc>::to_bytes - std::wstring_convert<Codecvt,Elem,Wide_alloc,Byte_alloc>::to_bytes

Synopsis

Defined in header <locale>
byte_string to_bytes( Elem wchar ); (1)
byte_string to_bytes( const Elem* wptr ); (2)
byte_string to_bytes( const wide_string& wstr ); (3)
byte_string to_bytes( const Elem* first, const Elem* last); (4)

Performs wide to multibyte conversion, using the codecvt facet supplied at construction.
1) Converts wchar as if it was a string of length 1, to byte_string.
2) Converts the null-terminated wide character sequence beginning at the wide character pointed to by wptr, to byte_string.
3) Converts the wide string str to byte_string.
4) Converts the wide character sequence [first, last) to byte_string.
In all cases, the conversion begins in initial shift state, unless non-initial starting state was provided to this wstring_convert constructor. The number of characters converted and the final value of the conversion state are remembered and can be accessed with state() and converted()

Return value

A byte_string object containing the results of the wide to multibyte conversion. If the conversion failed and there was a user-supplied byte-error string provided to the constructor of this wstring_convert, returns that byte-error string.

Exceptions

If this wstring_convert object was constructed without a user-supplied byte-error string, throws std::range_error on conversion failure.

Example

// Run this code

  #include <iostream>
  #include <string>
  #include <locale>
  #include <codecvt>
  #include <iomanip>

  // utility function for output
  void hex_print(const std::string& s)
  {
      std::cout << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
      for(unsigned char c : s)
          std::cout << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(c) << ' ';
      std::cout << std::dec << '\n';
  }

  int main()
  {
      // wide character data
      std::wstring wstr = L"z\u00df\u6c34\U0001f34c"; // or L"zß水🍌"

      // wide to UTF-8
      std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8<wchar_t>> conv1;
      std::string u8str = conv1.to_bytes(wstr);
      std::cout << "UTF-8 conversion produced " << u8str.size() << " bytes:\n";
      hex_print(u8str);

      // wide to UTF-16le
      std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf16<wchar_t, 0x10ffff, std::little_endian>> conv2;
      std::string u16str = conv2.to_bytes(wstr);
      std::cout << "UTF-16le conversion produced " << u16str.size() << " bytes:\n";
      hex_print(u16str);
  }

Output:

  UTF-8 conversion produced 10 bytes:
  7a c3 9f e6 b0 b4 f0 9f 8d 8c
  UTF-16le conversion produced 10 bytes:
  7a 00 df 00 34 6c 3c d8 4c df