zggevx.f (3) - Linux Manuals

NAME

zggevx.f -

SYNOPSIS

Functions/Subroutines

subroutine zggevx (BALANC, JOBVL, JOBVR, SENSE, N, A, LDA, B, LDB, ALPHA, BETA, VL, LDVL, VR, LDVR, ILO, IHI, LSCALE, RSCALE, ABNRM, BBNRM, RCONDE, RCONDV, WORK, LWORK, RWORK, IWORK, BWORK, INFO)
ZGGEVX computes the eigenvalues and, optionally, the left and/or right eigenvectors for GE matrices

Function/Subroutine Documentation

subroutine zggevx (characterBALANC, characterJOBVL, characterJOBVR, characterSENSE, integerN, complex*16, dimension( lda, * )A, integerLDA, complex*16, dimension( ldb, * )B, integerLDB, complex*16, dimension( * )ALPHA, complex*16, dimension( * )BETA, complex*16, dimension( ldvl, * )VL, integerLDVL, complex*16, dimension( ldvr, * )VR, integerLDVR, integerILO, integerIHI, double precision, dimension( * )LSCALE, double precision, dimension( * )RSCALE, double precisionABNRM, double precisionBBNRM, double precision, dimension( * )RCONDE, double precision, dimension( * )RCONDV, complex*16, dimension( * )WORK, integerLWORK, double precision, dimension( * )RWORK, integer, dimension( * )IWORK, logical, dimension( * )BWORK, integerINFO)

ZGGEVX computes the eigenvalues and, optionally, the left and/or right eigenvectors for GE matrices

Purpose:

 ZGGEVX computes for a pair of N-by-N complex nonsymmetric matrices
 (A,B) the generalized eigenvalues, and optionally, the left and/or
 right generalized eigenvectors.

 Optionally, it also computes a balancing transformation to improve
 the conditioning of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors (ILO, IHI,
 LSCALE, RSCALE, ABNRM, and BBNRM), reciprocal condition numbers for
 the eigenvalues (RCONDE), and reciprocal condition numbers for the
 right eigenvectors (RCONDV).

 A generalized eigenvalue for a pair of matrices (A,B) is a scalar
 lambda or a ratio alpha/beta = lambda, such that A - lambda*B is
 singular. It is usually represented as the pair (alpha,beta), as
 there is a reasonable interpretation for beta=0, and even for both
 being zero.

 The right eigenvector v(j) corresponding to the eigenvalue lambda(j)
 of (A,B) satisfies
                  A * v(j) = lambda(j) * B * v(j) .
 The left eigenvector u(j) corresponding to the eigenvalue lambda(j)
 of (A,B) satisfies
                  u(j)**H * A  = lambda(j) * u(j)**H * B.
 where u(j)**H is the conjugate-transpose of u(j).

 

Parameters:

BALANC

          BALANC is CHARACTER*1
          Specifies the balance option to be performed:
          = 'N':  do not diagonally scale or permute;
          = 'P':  permute only;
          = 'S':  scale only;
          = 'B':  both permute and scale.
          Computed reciprocal condition numbers will be for the
          matrices after permuting and/or balancing. Permuting does
          not change condition numbers (in exact arithmetic), but
          balancing does.

JOBVL

          JOBVL is CHARACTER*1
          = 'N':  do not compute the left generalized eigenvectors;
          = 'V':  compute the left generalized eigenvectors.

JOBVR

          JOBVR is CHARACTER*1
          = 'N':  do not compute the right generalized eigenvectors;
          = 'V':  compute the right generalized eigenvectors.

SENSE

          SENSE is CHARACTER*1
          Determines which reciprocal condition numbers are computed.
          = 'N': none are computed;
          = 'E': computed for eigenvalues only;
          = 'V': computed for eigenvectors only;
          = 'B': computed for eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

N

          N is INTEGER
          The order of the matrices A, B, VL, and VR.  N >= 0.

A

          A is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA, N)
          On entry, the matrix A in the pair (A,B).
          On exit, A has been overwritten. If JOBVL='V' or JOBVR='V'
          or both, then A contains the first part of the complex Schur
          form of the "balanced" versions of the input A and B.

LDA

          LDA is INTEGER
          The leading dimension of A.  LDA >= max(1,N).

B

          B is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB, N)
          On entry, the matrix B in the pair (A,B).
          On exit, B has been overwritten. If JOBVL='V' or JOBVR='V'
          or both, then B contains the second part of the complex
          Schur form of the "balanced" versions of the input A and B.

LDB

          LDB is INTEGER
          The leading dimension of B.  LDB >= max(1,N).

ALPHA

          ALPHA is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)

BETA

          BETA is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (N)
          On exit, ALPHA(j)/BETA(j), j=1,...,N, will be the generalized
          eigenvalues.

          Note: the quotient ALPHA(j)/BETA(j) ) may easily over- or
          underflow, and BETA(j) may even be zero.  Thus, the user
          should avoid naively computing the ratio ALPHA/BETA.
          However, ALPHA will be always less than and usually
          comparable with norm(A) in magnitude, and BETA always less
          than and usually comparable with norm(B).

VL

          VL is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVL,N)
          If JOBVL = 'V', the left generalized eigenvectors u(j) are
          stored one after another in the columns of VL, in the same
          order as their eigenvalues.
          Each eigenvector will be scaled so the largest component
          will have abs(real part) + abs(imag. part) = 1.
          Not referenced if JOBVL = 'N'.

LDVL

          LDVL is INTEGER
          The leading dimension of the matrix VL. LDVL >= 1, and
          if JOBVL = 'V', LDVL >= N.

VR

          VR is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDVR,N)
          If JOBVR = 'V', the right generalized eigenvectors v(j) are
          stored one after another in the columns of VR, in the same
          order as their eigenvalues.
          Each eigenvector will be scaled so the largest component
          will have abs(real part) + abs(imag. part) = 1.
          Not referenced if JOBVR = 'N'.

LDVR

          LDVR is INTEGER
          The leading dimension of the matrix VR. LDVR >= 1, and
          if JOBVR = 'V', LDVR >= N.

ILO

          ILO is INTEGER

IHI

          IHI is INTEGER
          ILO and IHI are integer values such that on exit
          A(i,j) = 0 and B(i,j) = 0 if i > j and
          j = 1,...,ILO-1 or i = IHI+1,...,N.
          If BALANC = 'N' or 'S', ILO = 1 and IHI = N.

LSCALE

          LSCALE is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
          Details of the permutations and scaling factors applied
          to the left side of A and B.  If PL(j) is the index of the
          row interchanged with row j, and DL(j) is the scaling
          factor applied to row j, then
            LSCALE(j) = PL(j)  for j = 1,...,ILO-1
                      = DL(j)  for j = ILO,...,IHI
                      = PL(j)  for j = IHI+1,...,N.
          The order in which the interchanges are made is N to IHI+1,
          then 1 to ILO-1.

RSCALE

          RSCALE is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
          Details of the permutations and scaling factors applied
          to the right side of A and B.  If PR(j) is the index of the
          column interchanged with column j, and DR(j) is the scaling
          factor applied to column j, then
            RSCALE(j) = PR(j)  for j = 1,...,ILO-1
                      = DR(j)  for j = ILO,...,IHI
                      = PR(j)  for j = IHI+1,...,N
          The order in which the interchanges are made is N to IHI+1,
          then 1 to ILO-1.

ABNRM

          ABNRM is DOUBLE PRECISION
          The one-norm of the balanced matrix A.

BBNRM

          BBNRM is DOUBLE PRECISION
          The one-norm of the balanced matrix B.

RCONDE

          RCONDE is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
          If SENSE = 'E' or 'B', the reciprocal condition numbers of
          the eigenvalues, stored in consecutive elements of the array.
          If SENSE = 'N' or 'V', RCONDE is not referenced.

RCONDV

          RCONDV is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
          If JOB = 'V' or 'B', the estimated reciprocal condition
          numbers of the eigenvectors, stored in consecutive elements
          of the array. If the eigenvalues cannot be reordered to
          compute RCONDV(j), RCONDV(j) is set to 0; this can only occur
          when the true value would be very small anyway.
          If SENSE = 'N' or 'E', RCONDV is not referenced.

WORK

          WORK is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))
          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.

LWORK

          LWORK is INTEGER
          The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK >= max(1,2*N).
          If SENSE = 'E', LWORK >= max(1,4*N).
          If SENSE = 'V' or 'B', LWORK >= max(1,2*N*N+2*N).

          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine
          only calculates the optimal size of the WORK array, returns
          this value as the first entry of the WORK array, and no error
          message related to LWORK is issued by XERBLA.

RWORK

          RWORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (lrwork)
          lrwork must be at least max(1,6*N) if BALANC = 'S' or 'B',
          and at least max(1,2*N) otherwise.
          Real workspace.

IWORK

          IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (N+2)
          If SENSE = 'E', IWORK is not referenced.

BWORK

          BWORK is LOGICAL array, dimension (N)
          If SENSE = 'N', BWORK is not referenced.

INFO

          INFO is INTEGER
          = 0:  successful exit
          < 0:  if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.
          = 1,...,N:
                The QZ iteration failed.  No eigenvectors have been
                calculated, but ALPHA(j) and BETA(j) should be correct
                for j=INFO+1,...,N.
          > N:  =N+1: other than QZ iteration failed in ZHGEQZ.
                =N+2: error return from ZTGEVC.

 

Author:

Univ. of Tennessee

Univ. of California Berkeley

Univ. of Colorado Denver

NAG Ltd.

Date:

April 2012

Further Details:

  Balancing a matrix pair (A,B) includes, first, permuting rows and
  columns to isolate eigenvalues, second, applying diagonal similarity
  transformation to the rows and columns to make the rows and columns
  as close in norm as possible. The computed reciprocal condition
  numbers correspond to the balanced matrix. Permuting rows and columns
  will not change the condition numbers (in exact arithmetic) but
  diagonal scaling will.  For further explanation of balancing, see
  section 4.11.1.2 of LAPACK Users' Guide.

  An approximate error bound on the chordal distance between the i-th
  computed generalized eigenvalue w and the corresponding exact
  eigenvalue lambda is

       chord(w, lambda) <= EPS * norm(ABNRM, BBNRM) / RCONDE(I)

  An approximate error bound for the angle between the i-th computed
  eigenvector VL(i) or VR(i) is given by

       EPS * norm(ABNRM, BBNRM) / DIF(i).

  For further explanation of the reciprocal condition numbers RCONDE
  and RCONDV, see section 4.11 of LAPACK User's Guide.

 

Definition at line 372 of file zggevx.f.

Author

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