When you need just the files from a specific branch without downloading the entire repository history, use shallow cloning. This is useful for large repositories where full history takes time to transfer, or when you only care about the current state of a particular branch. The core command is: git clone -b branch-name <repository-url> –depth…
Sometimes you need to view a file as it existed at a specific commit in Git — without checking out that commit or modifying your working directory. Git provides several ways to do this. View a File at a Specific Commit # View file content at a specific commit git show commit_hash:path/to/file # Example git…
To set the number of mappers and reducers when submitting a Hadoop job, use the -D flag with the appropriate property names. The correct properties depend on your Hadoop version. Hadoop 2.x and Later (YARN) Use the modern property names: hadoop jar -Dmapreduce.job.maps=5 -Dmapreduce.job.reduces=2 yourapp.jar The older mapred.map.tasks and mapred.reduce.tasks properties are deprecated in Hadoop…
The hostname identifies your system on the network. On Linux Mint, you can change it through the GUI or command line depending on your preference and situation. Using the GUI (Easiest Method) Open Settings from the application menu Go to Details or About Click the hostname field (you may need to click a pencil icon…
Google Code was shut down in 2016, but you might still need to migrate legacy projects that were hosted there. If you have a local Git repository from Google Code or an archived mirror, here’s how to push it to GitHub while preserving all history. Prerequisites A GitHub account and a new empty repository created…
Windows Disk Management has built-in limitations for resizing partitions — it often won’t let you extend the C: drive even when unallocated space exists on the disk. If you’ve hit that wall, third-party partition tools can handle the job more flexibly. Why Disk Management Falls Short Disk Management can only extend a volume into adjacent…
When managing LVM storage, you need to know which physical disks support each logical volume — especially for risk assessment when hardware fails. This guide shows you how to trace those relationships. Using lvdisplay to map extents The lvdisplay command with the –maps flag shows how logical extents map to physical volumes: lvdisplay –maps This…
When you need to completely wipe a USB drive on Windows, you have several reliable options. Choose based on your security requirements: Disk Management for quick reformatting, DiskPart for automation, or secure erasure tools if the drive contained sensitive data. Using Windows Disk Management The simplest built-in approach: Connect the USB drive Open Disk Management…
To mark text as deleted or struck through in BBCode, use the [s] tag: [s]strikethrough text[/s] This renders as strikethrough text with a horizontal line through the middle. Some platforms also support the longer [strike] alias: [strike]strikethrough text[/strike] Both tags are functionally equivalent — the choice depends on your platform’s BBCode parser. HTML Output and…
When processing text files or command output, non-printable ASCII characters corrupt formatting, break parsing, or create unexpected behavior. You need the right tool for your specific case — whether you’re stripping control characters, handling UTF-8, or cleaning up embedded escape sequences. Understanding Printable ASCII The standard printable ASCII range includes: Tab (hex 09) Line Feed…
awk is the most efficient approach for this task. It processes the file in a single pass and doesn’t load data into memory: awk ‘{ total += $5; count++ } END { print total/count }’ file.txt This assumes your numeric value is the 5th whitespace-delimited field. For a file like: Run 0: Time used: 22.235331711…
The simplest approach is passing log level flags directly to sbt: sbt –error “compile” sbt –warn “clean compile” sbt –info “test” sbt –debug “publishLocal” Common log level flags: –error — errors only –warn — warnings and errors (default) –info — info, warnings, and errors –debug — verbose debugging output –trace — most verbose, rarely needed…
When working with multiple Scala projects, you’ll often need different sbt versions. A project using sbt 1.9.x may not be compatible with sbt 0.13.x, and manually switching between system-wide installations becomes tedious and error-prone. Using sbt-extras for automatic version detection The most reliable approach is sbt-extras, a wrapper script that automatically detects and uses the…
The simplest approach creates a JAR with just your project’s compiled classes: sbt package This outputs to target/scala-2.x.y/projectname_2.x.y-zz.jar. The naming convention includes the Scala version to prevent classpath conflicts when multiple Scala versions coexist. For iterative development, use watch mode: sbt ~package This rebuilds the JAR after every source change. However, this JAR only contains…
If you need millisecond precision timestamps from the command line, there are several approaches depending on your use case and system requirements. Using date with %3N The simplest and most reliable method on modern GNU coreutils (8.32+) is: date +%s%3N This outputs seconds since epoch followed by exactly three digits of nanosecond precision (milliseconds). Example…
Eclipse CDT has evolved to handle CMake projects effectively. The key is understanding which approach fits your workflow — native CMake integration (recommended for 2023+ versions) or generating build files. Native CMake Integration (Recommended) Eclipse CDT 2023 and later include robust native CMake support. This is the simplest approach for new projects or when you…
When a process receives a signal from kill or pkill, it needs a signal handler to intercept and respond to it. Without one, most signals terminate the process immediately. This guide covers setting up robust signal handlers for production daemons. Understanding Signals The kill command sends signals to processes. By default, it sends SIGTERM (signal…
If you’ve compiled a kernel module for a specific kernel version or need to pin a package to prevent automatic updates, you’ll want to exclude it from yum or dnf. There are several approaches depending on whether you need a permanent exclusion, per-repository exclusion, or temporary lockdown. Global Exclusions in Configuration The simplest approach is…
Git branching is fundamental to modern development workflows. A branch is a lightweight pointer to a commit that lets you work on multiple features, fixes, or experiments in parallel without affecting the main codebase. Understanding branching well is essential for team collaboration and maintaining a clean project history. Creating and Switching Branches Create a new…
Thunderbird wraps lines at a fixed character width by default during composition, which interferes with code snippets, preformatted text, and any content where line breaks matter. Here’s how to turn it off. Via Preferences The quickest method through the GUI: Open Thunderbird and go to Edit → Preferences (or Thunderbird → Settings on macOS) Navigate…