fclose() closes a file stream and disassociates it from its underlying file descriptor. It’s part of the C standard library, defined in <stdio.h>. #include <stdio.h> int fclose(FILE *stream); When called, fclose() flushes buffered output, closes the file descriptor, and deallocates the FILE structure. The function works with both input and output streams. After fclose() returns,…
Java Applets were obsolete by 2016 and removed from Java 9+. If you need a browser-based system monitoring dashboard, use WebSockets or Server-Sent Events paired with modern JavaScript charting libraries. WebSocket + Python Backend Architecture The most practical setup streams metrics from a Python backend to connected clients using WebSockets. Clients render real-time charts without…
OCaml is a practical functional language with strong static typing and pattern matching. If you’re coming from systems programming or looking to add functional paradigms to your toolkit, these resources will accelerate your learning. Primary Learning Resources Real World OCaml by Yaron Minsky, Anil Madhavapeddy, and Jason Hickey remains the standard reference for modern OCaml…
Converting strings to integers is a fundamental operation in C++, but the method you choose affects both code clarity and performance. Here are the four main approaches, ranked by use case. std::stoi() — The Default Choice std::stoi() is the standard C++11 method for most situations. It’s exception-based, handles whitespace automatically, and works with custom number…
MFC applications built with older Visual C++ versions often render with the classic Windows 95 appearance, ignoring modern system visual styles. This happens because the application isn’t explicitly linked to Common Controls v6.0, which provides visual styles support. On modern Windows systems (Windows Vista and later), this looks particularly jarring compared to contemporary applications. The…
JNI lets you call native C/C++ functions from Java on Windows. This guide covers the complete workflow with modern tooling. Prerequisites JDK 17 or later (JDK 21 LTS recommended) Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 or Visual Studio Build Tools MSVC C/C++ compiler javac for compilation and header generation Step 1: Write the Java Code Create your…
Web2 Icons is a free, unencumbered icon set designed with a clean, iPhone-inspired aesthetic that works well for social media links. It’s straightforward to integrate and requires no licensing overhead — useful when you need social icons fast without design work. What’s in the Package The set includes icons for major platforms: RSS, Twitter, Facebook,…
If you need to work with Office files (.doc, .docx, .xls, .ppt) on Linux, Wine can run Microsoft Office 2007, though this approach has largely been superseded by cloud-based alternatives and native Linux tools. That said, for specific compatibility requirements, here’s how to set it up. Install Wine First, install Wine. Most distributions now package…
ns (Network Simulator) is a discrete-event simulator used primarily for research and educational purposes in networking. The two major versions—ns-2 and ns-3—are substantially different in architecture and usage patterns. This guide covers installation on current Fedora systems. Installing ns-2 on Fedora Note: ns-2 is legacy software and requires significant compatibility workarounds on modern systems. Consider…
ns-2 reached end-of-life in 2011 and is no longer maintained. If you’re looking to simulate network behavior, you should use ns-3 instead, which is actively developed and provides significantly better accuracy and modern tooling. Why ns-3 Over ns-2 ns-2 was influential in academic networking research, but its architecture has fundamental limitations that became apparent over…
Flash Player reached end-of-life on December 31, 2020, and modern browsers no longer support it. However, if you’re working with legacy systems, archived content, or old web applications that still require Flash, here’s what you need to know about the historical setup and modern alternatives. The Original Setup (Historical Reference) On 64-bit Linux with Firefox,…
The rpm and dnf commands let you inspect exactly which files a package installed and find the package that owns a specific file. These queries work on both the host system and inside containers like Toolbox or Distrobox. List Files from an Installed Package rpm -ql package-name This recursively lists all files and directories the…