Linux Manuals

NAME ln – make links between files SYNOPSIS ln [,OPTION/]… [,-T/] ,TARGET LINK_NAME/ ln [,OPTION/]… ,TARGET/ ln [,OPTION/]… ,TARGET/… ,DIRECTORY/ ln [,OPTION/]… ,-t DIRECTORY TARGET/… DESCRIPTION In the 1st form, create a link to TARGET with the name LINK_NAME. In the 2nd form, create a link to TARGET in the current directory. In the 3rd…

NAME du – estimate file space usage SYNOPSIS du [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… du [,OPTION/]… ,–files0-from=F/ DESCRIPTION Summarize disk usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -0, –null end each output line with NUL, not newline -a, –all write counts for all files, not…

NAME top – display Linux processes SYNOPSIS top –hv|-bcEeHiOSs1 –d secs –n max –u|U user –p pids –o field –w [cols] The traditional switches `-‘ and whitespace are optional. DESCRIPTION The top program provides a dynamic real-time view of a running system. It can display system summary information as well as a list of processes…

NAME curl – transfer a URL SYNOPSIS curl [options / URLs] DESCRIPTION curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server. It supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET or TFTP….

NAME Wget – The non-interactive network downloader. SYNOPSIS wget [option]… [URL]… DESCRIPTION GNU Wget is a free utility for non-interactive download of files from the Web. It supports HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols, as well as retrieval through HTTP proxies. Wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the background, while the user is…

NAME scp – OpenSSH secure file copy SYNOPSIS scp [-346ABCOpqRrsTv [-c cipher ] ] [-D sftp_server_path ] [-F ssh_config ] [-i identity_file ] [-J destination ] [-l limit ] [-o ssh_option ] [-P port ] [-S program ] source … target DESCRIPTION scp copies files between hosts on a network. It uses ssh(1) for data…

NAME ssh – OpenSSH remote login client SYNOPSIS ssh [-46AaCfGgKkMNnqsTtVvXxYy [-B bind_interface ] ] [-b bind_address ] [-c cipher_spec ] [-D [bind_address : port ] ] [-E log_file ] [-e escape_char ] [-F configfile ] [-I pkcs11 ] [-i identity_file ] [-J destination ] [-L address ] [-l login_name ] [-m mac_spec ] [-O ctl_cmd…

NAME tar – an archiving utility SYNOPSIS Traditional usage tar {A|c|d|r|t|u|x}[GnSkUWOmpsMBiajJzZhPlRvwo] [ARG…] UNIX-style usage tar -A [OPTIONS] ARCHIVE ARCHIVE tar -c [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE…] tar -d [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE…] tar -t [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER…] tar -r [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE…] tar -u [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [FILE…] tar -x [-f ARCHIVE] [OPTIONS] [MEMBER…]…

NAME tail – output the last part of files SYNOPSIS tail [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… DESCRIPTION Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options…

NAME sed – stream editor for filtering and transforming text SYNOPSIS sed [OPTION]… {script-only-if-no-other-script} [input-file]… DESCRIPTION Sed is a stream editor. A stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream (a file or input from a pipeline). While in some ways similar to an editor which permits scripted edits (such…

NAME gawk – pattern scanning and processing language SYNOPSIS gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] -f program-file [ — ] file … gawk [ POSIX or GNU style options ] [ — ] program-text file … DESCRIPTION Gawk is the GNU Project’s implementation of the AWK programming language. It conforms to the definition…

NAME pipe, pipe2 – create pipe SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> /* On Alpha, IA-64, MIPS, SuperH, and SPARC/SPARC64; see NOTES */ struct fd_pair { long fd[2]; }; struct fd_pair pipe(); /* On all other architectures */ int pipe(int pipefd[2]); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <fcntl.h> /* Obtain O_* constant definitions */ #include <unistd.h> int…

rm – remove files or directories Synopsisrm [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… DescriptionThis manual page documents the GNU version of rm. rm removes each specified file. By default, it does not remove directories. If the -I or –interactive=once option is given, and there are more than three files or the -r, -R, or –recursive are given, then rm…

ps – report a snapshot of the current processes. Synopsisps [,options/] Descriptionps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top instead. This version of ps accepts several kinds of options: 1 UNIX options, which may be grouped and must…

less – opposite of more Synopsisless -? less –help less -V less –version less [-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] [-b space/] [-h lines/] [-j line/] [-k keyfile/] [-{oO} logfile/] [-p pattern/] [-P prompt/] [-t tag/] [-T tagsfile/] [-x tab/,…] [-y lines/] [-[z] lines/] [-# shift/] [+[+]cmd/] [–] [filename/]… (See the OPTIONS section for alternate option syntax with long option…

NAME mmap, munmap – map or unmap files or devices into memory SYNOPSIS #include <sys/mman.h> void *mmap(void *addr, size_t length, int prot, int flags, int fd, off_t offset); int munmap(void *addr, size_t length); See NOTES for information on feature test macro requirements. DESCRIPTION mmap() creates a new mapping in the virtual address space of the…

NAME fork – create a child process SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> pid_t fork(void); DESCRIPTION fork() creates a new process by duplicating the calling process. The new process is referred to as the child process. The calling process is referred to as the parent process. The child process and the parent process run in separate…

NAME dup, dup2, dup3 – duplicate a file descriptor SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> int dup(int oldfd); int dup2(int oldfd, int newfd); #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */ #include <fcntl.h> /* Obtain O_* constant definitions */ #include <unistd.h> int dup3(int oldfd, int newfd, int flags); DESCRIPTION The dup() system call creates a copy of the file descriptor…

NAME close – close a file descriptor SYNOPSIS #include <unistd.h> int close(int fd); DESCRIPTION close() closes a file descriptor, so that it no longer refers to any file and may be reused. Any record locks (see fcntl(2)) held on the file it was associated with, and owned by the process, are removed (regardless of the…

NAME sort – sort lines of text files SYNOPSIS sort [,OPTION/]… [,FILE/]… sort [,OPTION/]… ,–files0-from=F/ DESCRIPTION Write sorted concatenation of all FILE(s) to standard output. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. Ordering options: -b, –ignore-leading-blanks ignore leading blanks -d,…