Frontend, backend, and full-stack web development with modern frameworks and tools.
R is a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. It’s free software under the GPL license and provides extensive statistical and graphical capabilities through numerous contributed packages. The R environment package is available in Ubuntu’s standard repositories. Install it with: sudo apt update sudo apt install r-base This installs r-base along with recommended…
Wget is a reliable command-line tool for downloading entire websites for offline viewing, archival, or testing. It preserves the full site structure—HTML, images, CSS, JavaScript—and maintains the original directory layout. Basic Mirroring Command The core command to mirror a website: wget –mirror –convert-links –adjust-extension –page-requisites –no-parent https://example.com Flag Breakdown –mirror: Enables recursive downloading with time-stamping…
You opened a system config file in Vim without sudo, made changes, and hit :w to save. Permission denied. Retyping everything isn’t happening. The Solution: :w !sudo tee % From Vim’s normal mode, type: :w !sudo tee % This pipes your buffer through tee running as root: :w — write the current buffer ! —…
When passing quoted strings through SSH, shell quoting rules can cause unexpected behavior. The classic issue: ssh user@host cmd “my string” On the remote host, this executes as: cmd my string Instead of treating “my string” as a single argument, the shell splits it. This happens because quotes are processed by your local shell first,…
Zimbra’s web interface needs proper hostname and port configuration to function correctly, especially when you’re deploying behind load balancers, reverse proxies, or in clustered environments. Viewing Current Configuration Check your current Zimbra web service hostname and port settings: zmprov getServer $(zmhostname) zimbraMailPort zmprov getServer $(zmhostname) zimbraMailSSLPort zmprov getServer $(zmhostname) zimbraAdminPort You can also query the…
VNC (Virtual Network Computing) provides a graphical remote desktop connection to Linux servers. It’s straightforward to set up and useful when you need GUI access to a headless or distant system. Installation On the server side, install a VNC server package. TigerVNC is the most reliable choice across distributions: Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt install tigervnc-server tigervnc-common…
iOS SSH clients have matured significantly, and if you need SOCKS proxy support, there are several solid options worth evaluating. The key difference from desktop clients is that iOS imposes sandbox restrictions, so dynamic forwarding requires apps built with that constraint in mind. vSSH vSSH remains one of the more capable SSH clients for iOS,…
When your iPhone completely freezes or becomes unresponsive, a force restart is usually the fastest way to get it working again. Unlike a regular restart, a force restart bypasses the normal shutdown process and forces the device to reboot immediately. Force Restart by iPhone Model The method depends on which iPhone you have. Apple changed…
You can fetch a webpage as if you’re requesting from a mobile device by setting curl’s User-Agent header to match a mobile browser. Remote servers use the User-Agent header to decide whether to serve mobile or desktop versions of pages. Basic syntax Use the -A (or –user-agent) flag to specify a mobile User-Agent string: curl…
IEEE requires a specific format for web citations, and BibTeX handles this cleanly with the @online entry type. Here’s how to get it right. IEEE Web Citation Format IEEE specifies this pattern for online sources: [#] Initial(s). Surname, “Title [Online]. Available: URL. Accessed: Month Day, Year.” A complete example looks like: [1] J. Jones, “Networks…
Converting LaTeX to HTML while preserving figures is essential when publishing technical documentation online. The right tool depends on your document complexity and output requirements. tex4ht (htlatex) tex4ht is the most reliable option for LaTeX documents with figures, math, and complex formatting. It’s part of the TeX Live distribution and available on all major platforms….
You can use @import with media queries to conditionally load CSS files only for specific viewport sizes. This is useful for loading layout-specific stylesheets, web fonts, or icon libraries only when needed. Basic Syntax The general format is: @import url(‘path/to/file.css’) media-query; The media query parameter controls when the stylesheet loads. Here are practical examples: /*…
When you work with multiple git servers or need different credentials for different hosts, SSH’s config file lets you specify which key to use for each server. This is cleaner than managing aliases or environment variables. Setting Up ~/.ssh/config Create or edit ~/.ssh/config and add entries for each server: Host git.example.org Port 22111 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa.git.example.org…
GNOME can automatically restore your session—reopening all applications and windows that were running when you last logged out. This differs from autostart scripts, which launch specific programs on every login regardless of what was running before. Automatic Session Restoration To enable automatic session restoration in GNOME: Open Settings → General (or search “Session” in Activities)…
If you need to restart GNOME while keeping your applications open, you have several options depending on your GNOME version and setup. Quick restart with Alt+F2 The fastest method is to use GNOME’s run dialog: Press Alt + F2 Type r and press Enter This restarts the GNOME shell while preserving your running applications and…
If you’re running a site with limited resources, a free CDN can significantly improve performance and reduce bandwidth costs. Here are the current options worth considering. Cloudflare https://www.cloudflare.com Cloudflare remains the most popular free CDN choice for good reason. Their free tier includes: Global edge network with automatic content caching and optimization DDoS protection and…
WordPress’s Text/HTML editor can be extended with custom buttons for frequently used code snippets or shortcodes. This is useful for inserting boilerplate markup, custom shortcodes, or formatting helpers without manually typing them each time. Basic Implementation Add this code to your theme’s functions.php or a custom plugin: function add_custom_quicktags() { wp_add_inline_script( ‘quicktags’, “QTags.addButton(‘wiki_button’, ‘Wiki’, ‘[yadawiki…
If you’re evaluating hosting providers in 2026, the landscape has shifted considerably from the shared hosting dominance of the early 2020s. Before committing to a provider, understand what you’re actually getting and what limitations matter. Shared Hosting Limitations to Watch Traditional shared hosting providers like Hostgator, Bluehost, and Dreamhost still exist, but they come with…
WordPress has included automatic canonical URL generation since version 2.9. While this is usually beneficial for SEO, certain scenarios require disabling it — for example, when forum plugins generate incorrect canonical URLs that point all threads to a single page. The Problem Canonical URLs tell search engines which version of a page is authoritative. When…
HTML entities represent characters that either have special meaning in HTML or benefit from explicit encoding. You have three syntax options: Named entity: &name; (e.g., ©) Decimal numeric: &#number; (e.g., ©) Hexadecimal numeric: &#xhexcode; (e.g., ©) With UTF-8 encoding (the only sensible choice in 2026), most special characters can be typed directly. However, certain characters…