shorewall (8) Linux Manual Page

Options

The trace and debug options are used for debugging. See m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Tracem[][1].

The nolock option prevents the command from attempting to acquire the Shorewall lockfile. It is useful if you need to include shorewall commands in /etc/shorewall/started.

The options control the amount of output that the command produces. They consist of a sequence of the letters v and q. If the options are omitted, the amount of output is determined by the setting of the VERBOSITY parameter in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). Each v adds one to the effective verbosity and each q subtracts one from the effective VERBOSITY. Alternatively, v may be followed immediately with one of -1,0,1,2 to specify a specify VERBOSITY. There may be no white-space between v and the VERBOSITY.

The options may also include the letter t which causes all progress messages to be timestamped.

Commands

The available commands are listed below.

add { interface[:host-list]… zone | zone host-list }

Adds a list of hosts or subnets to a dynamic zone usually used with VPN’s.

The interface argument names an interface defined in the m[blue]shorewall-interfacesm[][3](5) file. A host-list is comma-separated list whose elements are host or network addresses..if n

Caution
The add command is not very robust. If there are errors in the host-list, you may see a large number of error messages yet a subsequent shorewall show zones command will indicate that all hosts were added. If this happens, replace add by delete and run the same command again. Then enter the correct command.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.9, the dynamic_shared zone option (m[blue]shorewall-zonesm[][4](5)) allows a single ipset to handle entries for multiple interfaces. When that option is specified for a zone, the add command has the alternative syntax in which the zone name precedes the host-list.

allow address

Re-enables receipt of packets from hosts previously blacklisted by a drop, logdrop, reject, or logreject command. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.10, this command can also re-enable addresses blacklisted using the blacklist command.

blacklist address [ option … ]

Added in Shorewall 5.0.8 and requires DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=ipset.. in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). Causes packets from the given host or network address to be dropped, based on the setting of BLACKLIST in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). The address along with any options are passed to the ipset add command.

If the disconnect option is specified in the DYNAMIC_BLACKLISTING setting, then the effective VERBOSITY determines the amount of information displayed:

• If the effective verbosity is > 0, then a message giving the number of conntrack flows deleted by the command is displayed.

• If the effective verbosity is > 1, then the conntrack table entries deleted by the command are also displayed.

call function [ parameter … ]

Added in Shorewall 4.6.10. Allows you to call a function in one of the Shorewall libraries or in your compiled script. function must name the shell function to be called. The listed parameters are passed to the function.

The function is first searched for in lib.base, lib.common, lib.cli and lib.cli-std. If it is not found, the call command is passed to the generated script to be executed.

check [-e] [-d] [-p] [-r] [-T] [-i] [directory]

Compiles the configuration in the specified directory and discards the compiled output script. If no directory is given, then /etc/shorewall is assumed.

The -e option causes the compiler to look for a file named capabilities. This file is produced using the command shorewall-lite show -f capabilities > capabilities on a system with Shorewall Lite installed.

The -d option causes the compiler to be run under control of the Perl debugger.

The -p option causes the compiler to be profiled via the Perl -wd:DProf command-line option.

The -r option was added in Shorewall 4.5.2 and causes the compiler to print the generated ruleset to standard out.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

clear [-f]

Clear will remove all rules and chains installed by Shorewall. The firewall is then wide open and unprotected. Existing connections are untouched. Clear is often used to see if the firewall is causing connection problems.

If -f is given, the command will be processed by the compiled script that executed the last successful start, restart or refresh command if that script exists.

close { open-number | source dest [ protocol [ port ] ] }

Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. This command closes a temporary open created by the open command. In the first form, an open-number specifies the open to be closed. Open numbers are displayed in the num column of the output of the shorewall show opens command.

When the second form of the command is used, the parameters must match those given in the earlier open command.

compile [-e] [-c] [-d] [-p] [-T] [-i] [ directory ] [ pathname ]

Compiles the current configuration into the executable file pathname. If a directory is supplied, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration files. If the pathname is omitted, the file firewall in the VARDIR (normally /var/lib/shorewall/) is assumed. A pathname of ‘-‘ causes the compiler to send the generated script to it’s standard output file. Note that ‘-v-1’ is usually specified in this case (e.g., shorewall -v-1 compile — –) to suppress the ‘Compiling…’ message normally generated by /sbin/shorewall.

When -e is specified, the compilation is being performed on a system other than where the compiled script will run. This option disables certain configuration options that require the script to be compiled where it is to be run. The use of -e requires the presence of a configuration file named capabilities which may be produced using the command shorewall-lite show -f capabilities > capabilities on a system with Shorewall Lite installed

The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.5.17 and causes conditional compilation of a script. The script specified by pathname (or implied if pathname is omitted) is compiled if it doesn’t exist or if there is any file in the directory or in a directory on the CONFIG_PATH that has a modification time later than the file to be compiled. When no compilation is needed, a message is issued and an exit status of zero is returned.

The -d option causes the compiler to be run under control of the Perl debugger.

The -p option causes the compiler to be profiled via the Perl -wd:DProf command-line option.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

delete { interface[:host-list]… zone | zone host-list }

The delete command reverses the effect of an earlier add command.

The interface argument names an interface defined in the m[blue]shorewall-interfacesm[][3](5) file. A host-list is comma-separated list whose elements are a host or network address.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.9, the dynamic_shared zone option (m[blue]shorewall-zonesm[][4](5)) allows a single ipset to handle entries for multiple interfaces. When that option is specified for a zone, the delete command has the alternative syntax in which the zone name precedes the host-list.

disable { interface | provider }

Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Disables the optional provider associated with the specified interface or provider. Where more than one provider share a single network interface, a provider name must be given.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.10, this command may be used with any optional network interface. interface may be either the logical or physical name of the interface. The command removes any routes added from m[blue]shorewall-routesm[][5](5) and any traffic shaping configuration for the interface.

drop address

Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be silently dropped.

dump [-x] [-l] [-m] [-c]

Produces a verbose report about the firewall configuration for the purpose of problem analysis.

The -x option causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without that option, these counts are abbreviated.

The -m option causes any MAC addresses included in Shorewall log messages to be displayed.

The -l option causes the rule number for each Netfilter rule to be displayed.

The -c option causes the route cache to be dumped in addition to the other routing information.

enable { interface | provider }

Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Enables the optional provider associated with the specified interface or provider. Where more than one provider share a single network interface, a provider name must be given.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.10, this command may be used with any optional network interface. interface may be either the logical or physical name of the interface. The command sets /proc entries for the interface, adds any route specified in m[blue]shorewall-routesm[][5](5) and installs the interface’s traffic shaping configuration, if any.

export [ directory1 ] [ user@]system[:directory2 ]

If directory1 is omitted, the current working directory is assumed.

Allows a non-root user to compile a shorewall script and stage it on a system (provided that the user has access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:

 /sbin/shorewall compile -e directory1 directory1/firewall &&\
 scp directory1/firewall directory1/firewall.conf [user@]system:[directory2]

In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then firewall and firewall.conf are copied to system using scp.

forget [ filename ]

Deletes /var/lib/shorewall/filename and /var/lib/shorewall/save. If no filename is given then the file specified by RESTOREFILE in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5) is assumed.

help

Displays a syntax summary.

hits [-t]

Generates several reports from Shorewall log messages in the current log file. If the -t option is included, the reports are restricted to log messages generated today.

ipcalc { address mask | address/vlsm }

Ipcalc displays the network address, broadcast address, network in CIDR notation and netmask corresponding to the input[s].

iprange address1–address2

Iprange decomposes the specified range of IP addresses into the equivalent list of network/host addresses.

iptrace iptables match expression

This is a low-level debugging command that causes iptables TRACE log records to be created. See iptables(8) for details.

The iptables match expression must be one or more matches that may appear in both the raw table OUTPUT and raw table PREROUTING chains.

The log message destination is determined by the currently-selected IPv4 m[blue]logging backendm[][6].

list

list is a synonym for show — please see below.

logdrop address

Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be logged then discarded. Logging occurs at the log level specified by the BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL setting in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2] (5).

logwatch [-m] [ refresh-interval ]

Monitors the log file specified by the LOGFILE option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5) and produces an audible alarm when new Shorewall messages are logged. The -m option causes the MAC address of each packet source to be displayed if that information is available. The refresh-interval specifies the time in seconds between screen refreshes. You can enter a negative number by preceding the number with "–" (e.g., shorewall logwatch — -30). In this case, when a packet count changes, you will be prompted to hit any key to resume screen refreshes.

logreject address

Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be logged then rejected. Logging occurs at the log level specified by the BLACKLIST_LOGLEVEL setting in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2] (5).

ls

ls is a synonym for show — please see below.

noiptrace iptables match expression

This is a low-level debugging command that cancels a trace started by a preceding iptrace command.

The iptables match expression must be one given in the iptrace command being canceled.

open source dest [ protocol [ port ] ]

Added in Shorewall 4.6.8. This command requires that the firewall be in the started state and that DYNAMIC_BLACKLIST=Yes in m[blue]shorewall.conf (5)m[][2]. The effect of the command is to temporarily open the firewall for connections matching the parameters.

The source and dest parameters may each be specified as all if you don’t wish to restrict the connection source or destination respectively. Otherwise, each must contain a host or network address or a valid DNS name.

The protocol may be specified either as a number or as a name listed in /etc/protocols. The port may be specified numerically or as a name listed in /etc/services.

To reverse the effect of a successful open command, use the close command with the same parameters or simply restart the firewall.

Example: To open the firewall for SSH connections to address 192.168.1.1, the command would be:

 shorewall open all 192.168.1.1 tcp 22

To reverse that command, use:

 shorewall close all 192.168.1.1 tcp 22

reenable{ interface | provider }

Added in Shorewall 4.6.9. This is equivalent to a disable command followed by an enable command on the specified interface or provider.

refresh [-n] [-d] [-T] [-i] [-D directory ] [ chain… ]

All steps performed by restart are performed by refresh with the exception that refresh only recreates the chains specified in the command while restart recreates the entire Netfilter ruleset. If no chain is given, the static blacklisting chain blacklst is assumed.

The listed chains are assumed to be in the filter table. You can refresh chains in other tables by prefixing the chain name with the table name followed by ":" (e.g., nat:net_dnat). Chain names which follow are assumed to be in that table until the end of the list or until an entry in the list names another table. Built-in chains such as FORWARD may not be refreshed.

The -n option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).

The -d option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 causes the compiler to run under the Perl debugger.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

The -D option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes Shorewall to look in the given directory first for configuration files.

Example:

shorewall refresh net2fw nat:net_dnat #Refresh the 'net2loc' chain in the filter table and the 'net_dnat' chain in the nat table

The refresh command has slightly different behavior. When no chain name is given to the refresh command, the mangle table is refreshed along with the blacklist chain (if any). This allows you to modify /etc/shorewall/tcrulesand install the changes using refresh.

reject address

Causes traffic from the listed addresses to be silently rejected.

reload [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [ directory ]

This command was re-implemented in Shorewall 5.0.0. The pre-5.0.0 reload command is now called remote-restart (see below).

Reload is similar to shorewall start except that it assumes that the firewall is already started. Existing connections are maintained. If a directory is included in the command, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration files.

The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).

The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack utility must be installed to use this option.

The -d option causes the compiler to run under the Perl debugger.

The -f option suppresses the compilation step and simply reused the compiled script which last started/restarted Shorewall, provided that /etc/shorewall and its contents have not been modified since the last start/restart.

The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). When both -f and -c are present, the result is determined by the option that appears last.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when AUTOMAKE=Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). If an existing firewall script is used and if that script was the one that generated the current running configuration, then the running netfilter configuration will be reloaded as is so as to preserve the iptables packet and byte counters.

remote-start [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]

This command was renamed from load in Shorewall 5.0.0.

If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:

 /sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
 scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
 ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite start'

In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system is started via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the FIREWALL option setting in m[blue]shorewall6.conf(5)m[][7] is assumed. In that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.

If -s is specified and the start command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.

if -c is included, the command shorewall-lite show capabilities -f > /var/lib/shorewall-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is compiled.

If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name rather than "root".

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

remote-reload [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]

This command was added in Shorewall 5.0.0.

If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:

 /sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
 scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
 ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite reload'

In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system is restarted via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the FIREWALL option setting in m[blue]shorewall6.conf(5)m[][7] is assumed. In that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.

If -s is specified and the restart command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.

if -c is included, the command shorewall-lite show capabilities -f > /var/lib/shorewall-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is compiled.

If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name rather than "root".

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

remote-restart [-s] [-c] [-r root-user-name] [-T] [-i] [ [ -D ] directory ] [ system ]

This command was renamed from reload in Shorewall 5.0.0.

If directory is omitted, the current working directory is assumed. Allows a non-root user to compile a shorewall script and install it on a system (provided that the user has root access to the system via ssh). The command is equivalent to:

 /sbin/shorewall compile -e directory directory/firewall &&\
 scp directory/firewall directory/firewall.conf root@system:/var/lib/shorewall-lite/ &&\
 ssh root@system '/sbin/shorewall-lite restart'

In other words, the configuration in the specified (or defaulted) directory is compiled to a file called firewall in that directory. If compilation succeeds, then firewall is copied to system using scp. If the copy succeeds, Shorewall Lite on system is restarted via ssh. Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.13, if system is omitted, then the FIREWALL option setting in m[blue]shorewall6.conf(5)m[][7] is assumed. In that case, if you want to specify a directory, then the -D option must be given.

If -s is specified and the restart command succeeds, then the remote Shorewall-lite configuration is saved by executing shorewall-lite save via ssh.

if -c is included, the command shorewall-lite show capabilities -f > /var/lib/shorewall-lite/capabilities is executed via ssh then the generated file is copied to directory using scp. This step is performed before the configuration is compiled.

If -r is included, it specifies that the root user on system is named root-user-name rather than "root".

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

reset [chain, …]

Resets the packet and byte counters in the specified chain(s). If no chain is specified, all the packet and byte counters in the firewall are reset.

Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.0, chain may be composed of both a table name and a chain name separated by a colon (e.g., mangle:PREROUTING). Chain names following that don’t include a table name are assumed to be in that same table. If no table name is given in the command, the filter table is assumed.

restart [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [ directory ]

Beginning with Shorewall 5.0.0, this command performs a true restart. The firewall is completely stopped as if a stop command had been issued then it is started again.

If a directory is included in the command, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration files.

The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).

The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack utility must be installed to use this option.

The -d option causes the compiler to run under the Perl debugger.

The -f option suppresses the compilation step and simply reused the compiled script which last started/restarted Shorewall, provided that /etc/shorewall and its contents have not been modified since the last start/restart.

The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). When both -f and -c are present, the result is determined by the option that appears last.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when AUTOMAKE=Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). If an existing firewall script is used and if that script was the one that generated the current running configuration, then the running netfilter configuration will be reloaded as is so as to preserve the iptables packet and byte counters.

restore [-n] [-p] [-C] [ filename ]

Restore Shorewall to a state saved using the shorewall save command. Existing connections are maintained. The filename names a restore file in /var/lib/shorewall created using shorewall save; if no filename is given then Shorewall will be restored from the file specified by the RESTOREFILE option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

Caution
If your iptables ruleset depends on variables that are detected at run-time, either in your params file or by Shorewall-generated code, restore will use the values that were current when the ruleset was saved, which may be different from the current values.

The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).

The -p option, added in Shorewall 4.6.5, causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack utility must be installed to use this option.

The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5. If the -C option was specified during shorewall save, then the counters saved by that operation will be restored.

run command [ parameter … ]

Added in Shorewall 4.6.3. Executes command in the context of the generated script passing the supplied parameters. Normally, the command will be a function declared in lib.private.

Before executing the command, the script will detect the configuration, setting all SW_* variables and will run your init extension script with $COMMAND = ‘run’.

If there are files in the CONFIG_PATH that were modified after the current firewall script was generated, the following warning message is issued:

WARNING: /var/lib/shorewall/firewall is not up to
      date

safe-reload [-d] [-p] [-t timeout ] [ directory ]

Added in Shorewall 5.0.0, this command performs the same function as did safe_restart in earlier releases.

Only allowed if Shorewall is running. The current configuration is saved in /var/lib/shorewall/safe-reload (see the save command below) then a shorewall reload is done. You will then be prompted asking if you want to accept the new configuration or not. If you answer "n" or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your new configuration has disabled communication with your terminal), the configuration is restored from the saved configuration. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will look in that directory first when opening configuration files.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g., 5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted, seconds is assumed.

safe-restart [-d] [-p] [-t timeout ] [ directory ]

Only allowed if Shorewall is running. The current configuration is saved in /var/lib/shorewall/safe-restart (see the save command below) then a shorewall restart is done. You will then be prompted asking if you want to accept the new configuration or not. If you answer "n" or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your new configuration has disabled communication with your terminal), the configuration is restored from the saved configuration. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will look in that directory first when opening configuration files.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g., 5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted, seconds is assumed.

safe-start[-d] [-p] [-ttimeout ] [ directory ]

Shorewall is started normally. You will then be prompted asking if everything went all right. If you answer "n" or if you fail to answer within 60 seconds (such as when your new configuration has disabled communication with your terminal), a shorewall clear is performed for you. If a directory is given, then Shorewall will look in that directory first when opening configuration files.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, you may specify a different timeout value using the -t option. The numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g., 5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted, seconds is assumed.

save [-C] [ filename ]

The dynamic blacklist is stored in /var/lib/shorewall/save. The state of the firewall is stored in /var/lib/shorewall/filename for use by the shorewall restore and shorewall -f start commands. If filename is not given then the state is saved in the file specified by the RESTOREFILE option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

The -C option, added in Shorewall 4.6.5, causes the iptables packet and byte counters to be saved along with the chains and rules.

savesets

Added in shorewall 4.6.8. Performs the same action as the stop command with respect to saving ipsets (see the SAVE_IPSETS option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2] (5)). This command may be used to proactively save your ipset contents in the event that a system failure occurs prior to issuing a stop command.

show

The show command can have a number of different arguments:

actions

Produces a report about the available actions (built-in, standard and user-defined).

bl|blacklists [-x]

Added in Shorewall 4.6.2. Displays the dynamic chain along with any chains produced by entries in shorewall-blrules(5). The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.

[-f] capabilities

Displays your kernel/iptables capabilities. The -f option causes the display to be formatted as a capabilities file for use with compile -e.

[-b] [-x] [-l] [-t {filter|mangle|nat|raw|rawpost}] [ chain… ]

The rules in each chain are displayed using the iptables -Lchain-n -v command. If no chain is given, all of the chains in the filter table are displayed. The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated. The -t option specifies the Netfilter table to display. The default is filter.

The -b (‘brief’) option causes rules which have not been used (i.e. which have zero packet and byte counts) to be omitted from the output. Chains with no rules displayed are also omitted from the output.

The -l option causes the rule number for each Netfilter rule to be displayed.

If the –t option and the chain keyword are both omitted and any of the listed chains do not exist, a usage message is displayed.

classifiers|filters

Displays information about the packet classifiers defined on the system as a result of traffic shaping configuration.

config

Displays distribution-specific defaults.

connections [filter_parameter …]

Displays the IP connections currently being tracked by the firewall.

If the conntrack utility is installed, beginning with Shorewall 4.6.11 the set of connections displayed can be limited by including conntrack filter parameters (-p , -s, –dport, etc). See conntrack(8) for details.

event event

Added in Shorewall 4.5.19. Displays the named event.

events

Added in Shorewall 4.5.19. Displays all events.

ip

Displays the system’s IPv4 configuration.

ipa

Added in Shorewall 4.4.17. Displays the per-IP accounting counters (m[blue]shorewall-accountingm[][8] (5)).

[-m] log

Displays the last 20 Shorewall messages from the log file specified by the LOGFILE option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). The -m option causes the MAC address of each packet source to be displayed if that information is available.

macros

Displays information about each macro defined on the firewall system.

macro macro

Added in Shorewall 4.4.6. Displays the file that implements the specified macro (usually /usr/share/shorewall/macro.macro).

[-x] mangle

Displays the Netfilter mangle table using the command iptables -t mangle -L -n -v. The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.

marks

Added in Shorewall 4.4.26. Displays the various fields in packet marks giving the min and max value (in both decimal and hex) and the applicable mask (in hex).

[-x] nat

Displays the Netfilter nat table using the command iptables -t nat -L -n -v. The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.

opens

Added in Shorewall 4.5.8. Displays the iptables rules in the ‘dynamic’ chain created through use of the open command..

policies

Added in Shorewall 4.4.4. Displays the applicable policy between each pair of zones. Note that implicit intrazone ACCEPT policies are not displayed for zones associated with a single network where that network doesn’t specify routeback.

[-c] routing

Displays the system’s IPv4 routing configuration. The -c option causes the route cache to be displayed along with the other routing information.

[-x] raw

Displays the Netfilter raw table using the command iptables -t raw -L -n -v. The -x option is passed directly through to iptables and causes actual packet and byte counts to be displayed. Without this option, those counts are abbreviated.

tc

Displays information about queuing disciplines, classes and filters.

zones

Displays the current composition of the Shorewall zones on the system.

start [-n] [-p] [-d] [-f] [-c] [-T] [-i] [-C] [ directory ]

Start shorewall. Existing connections through shorewall managed interfaces are untouched. New connections will be allowed only if they are allowed by the firewall rules or policies. If a directory is included in the command, Shorewall will look in that directory first for configuration files. If -f is specified, the saved configuration specified by the RESTOREFILE option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5) will be restored if that saved configuration exists and has been modified more recently than the files in /etc/shorewall. When -f is given, a directory may not be specified.

Update: In Shorewall 4.4.20, a new LEGACY_FASTSTART option was added to m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). When LEGACY_FASTSTART=No, the modification times of files in /etc/shorewall are compared with that of /var/lib/shorewall/firewall (the compiled script that last started/restarted the firewall).

The -n option causes Shorewall to avoid updating the routing table(s).

The -p option causes the connection tracking table to be flushed; the conntrack utility must be installed to use this option.

The -c option was added in Shorewall 4.4.20 and performs the compilation step unconditionally, overriding the AUTOMAKE setting in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5). When both -f and -care present, the result is determined by the option that appears last.

The -T option was added in Shorewall 4.5.3 and causes a Perl stack trace to be included with each compiler-generated error and warning message.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.conf(5)m[][2].

The -C option was added in Shorewall 4.6.5 and is only meaningful when the -f option is also specified. If the previously-saved configuration is restored, and if the -C option was also specified in the save command, then the packet and byte counters will be restored.

stop [-f]

Stops the firewall. All existing connections, except those listed in m[blue]shorewall-routestoppedm[][9](5) or permitted by the ADMINISABSENTMINDED option in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5), are taken down. The only new traffic permitted through the firewall is from systems listed in m[blue]shorewall-routestoppedm[][9](5) or by ADMINISABSENTMINDED.

If -f is given, the command will be processed by the compiled script that executed the last successful start, restart or refresh command if that script exists.

status [-i]

Produces a short report about the state of the Shorewall-configured firewall.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.2 and causes the status of each optional or provider interface to be displayed.

try directory [ timeout ]

If Shorewall is started then the firewall state is saved to a temporary saved configuration (/var/lib/shorewall/.try). Next, if Shorewall is currently started then a restart command is issued using the specified configuration directory; otherwise, a start command is performed using the specified configuration directory. if an error occurs during the compilation phase of the restart or start, the command terminates without changing the Shorewall state. If an error occurs during the restart phase, then a shorewall restore is performed using the saved configuration. If an error occurs during the start phase, then Shorewall is cleared. If the start/restart succeeds and a timeout is specified then a clear or restore is performed after timeout seconds.

Beginning with Shorewall 4.5.0, the numeric timeout may optionally be followed by an s, m or h suffix (e.g., 5m) to specify seconds, minutes or hours respectively. If the suffix is omitted, seconds is assumed.

update [-d] [-r] [-T] [-a] [-i] [-A] [ directory ]

Added in Shorewall 4.4.21 and causes the compiler to update /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf then validate the configuration. The update will add options not present in the old file with their default values, and will move deprecated options with non-defaults to a deprecated options section at the bottom of the file. Your existing shorewall.conf file is renamed shorewall.conf.bak.

The command was extended over the years with a set of options that caused additional configuration updates.

• Convert an existing blacklist file into an equivalent blrules file.

• Convert an existing routestopped file into an equivalent stoppedrules file.

• Convert existing tcrules and tos files into an equivalent mangle file.

• Convert an existing notrack file into an equivalent conntrack file.

• Convert FORMAT, SECTION and COMMENT entries into ?FORMAT, ?SECTION and ?COMMENT directives.

In each case, the old file is renamed with a .bak suffix.

In Shorewall 5.0.0, the options were eliminated and the update command performs all of the updates described above.

Important
There are some notable restrictions with the update command:

1. Converted rules will be appended to the existing file; if there is no existing file in the CONFIG_PATH, one will be created in the directory specified in the command or in the first entry in the CONFIG_PATH (normally /etc/shorewall) otherwise.

2. Existing comments in the file being converted will not be transferred to the output file.

3. INCLUDEd files will be expanded inline in the output file.

4. Columns in the output file will be separated by a single tab character; there is no attempt made to otherwise align the columns.

The -a option causes the updated shorewall.conf file to be annotated with documentation.

The -i option was added in Shorewall 4.6.0 and causes a warning message to be issued if the current line contains alternative input specifications following a semicolon (";"). Such lines will be handled incorrectly if INLINE_MATCHES is set to Yes in m[blue]shorewall.confm[][2](5).

The -A option is included for compatibility with Shorewall 4.6 and is equivalent to specifying the -i option.

For a description of the other options, see the check command above.

version [-a]

Displays Shorewall’s version. The -a option is included for compatibility with earlier Shorewall releases and is ignored.

Exit Status

In general, when a command succeeds, status 0 is returned; when the command fails, a non-zero status is returned.

The status command returns exit status as follows:

0 – Firewall is started.

3 – Firewall is stopped or cleared

4 – Unknown state; usually means that the firewall has never been started.

Environment

Two environmental variables are recognized by Shorewall:

SHOREWALL_INIT_SCRIPT

When set to 1, causes Std out to be redirected to the file specified in the STARTUP_LOG option in m[blue]shorewall.conf(5)m[][10].

SW_LOGGERTAG

Added in Shorewall 5.0.8. When set to a non-empty value, that value is passed to the logger utility in its -t (–tag) option.

Files

/etc/shorewall/

See Also

m[blue]http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htmm[][11]

shorewall-accounting(5), shorewall-actions(5), shorewall-blacklist(5), shorewall-hosts(5), shorewall_interfaces(5), shorewall-ipsets(5), shorewall-maclist(5), shorewall-masq(5), shorewall-nat(5), shorewall-netmap(5), shorewall-params(5), shorewall-policy(5), shorewall-providers(5), shorewall-proxyarp(5), shorewall-rtrules(5), shorewall-routestopped(5), shorewall-rules(5), shorewall.conf(5), shorewall-secmarks(5), shorewall-tcclasses(5), shorewall-tcdevices(5), shorewall-tcrules(5), shorewall-tos(5), shorewall-tunnels(5), shorewall-zones(5)

Notes

1.

http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Trace

http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm#Trace

2.

shorewall.conf

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall.conf.html

3.

shorewall-interfaces

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-interfaces.html

4.

shorewall-zones

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-zones.html

5.

shorewall-routes

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-routes.html

6.

logging backend

http://www.shorewall.net/shorewall_logging.html#Backends

7.

shorewall6.conf(5)

http://www.shorewall.netshorewall6.conf.html

8.

shorewall-accounting

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-accounting.html

9.

shorewall-routestopped

http://www.shorewall.net/manpages/shorewall-routestopped.html

10.

shorewall.conf(5)

http://www.shorewall.netshorewall.conf.html

11.

http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm

http://www.shorewall.net/starting_and_stopping_shorewall.htm