gold (1) Linux Manual Page

gold – The GNU ELF linker

Synopsis

ld.gold [,options/] ,file/…

Options

–help

Report usage information

-v, –version

Report version information

-V

Report version and target information

–add-needed

Not supported

–no-add-needed

Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)

–allow-multiple-definition Allow multiple definitions of symbols

–no-allow-multiple-definition

Do not allow multiple definitions (default)

–allow-shlib-undefined

Allow unresolved references in shared libraries

–no-allow-shlib-undefined

Do not allow unresolved references in shared libraries (default)

–apply-dynamic-relocs

Apply link-time values for dynamic relocations (default)

–no-apply-dynamic-relocs

(aarch64 only) Do not apply link-time values for dynamic relocations

–as-needed

Use DT_NEEDED only for shared libraries that are used

–no-as-needed

Use DT_NEEDED for all shared libraries (default)

-assert [ignored]

Ignored

-b [elf,binary], –format [elf,binary]

Set input format

–be8

Output BE8 format image

–build-id [=STYLE]

Generate build ID note

–build-id-chunk-size-for-treehash SIZE

Chunk size for ‘–build-id=tree’

–build-id-min-file-size-for-treehash SIZE

Minimum output file size for ‘–build-id=tree’ to work differently than ‘–build-id=sha1’

-Bdynamic -l searches for shared libraries (default)

-Bstatic -l does not search for shared libraries

-dy

alias for -Bdynamic (default)

-dn

alias for -Bstatic

-Bgroup

Use group name lookup rules for shared library

-Bshareable

Generate shared library (alias for -G/-shared)

-Bno-symbolic

Don’t bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared (default)

-Bsymbolic-functions

Bind default visibility defined function symbols locally for -shared

-Bsymbolic

Bind default visibility defined symbols locally for -shared

–check-sections

Check segment addresses for overlaps (default)

–no-check-sections

Do not check segment addresses for overlaps

–compress-debug-sections [none,zlib,zlib-gnu,zlib-gabi]

Compress .debug_* sections in the output file

–copy-dt-needed-entries

Not supported

–no-copy-dt-needed-entries Do not copy DT_NEEDED tags from shared libraries (default)

–cref

Output cross reference table

–no-cref

Do not output cross reference table (default)

–ctors-in-init-array

Use DT_INIT_ARRAY for all constructors (default)

–no-ctors-in-init-array

Handle constructors as directed by compiler

-d, –define-common

Define common symbols

–no-define-common

Do not define common symbols in relocatable output (default)

-dc

Alias for -d

-dp

Alias for -d

–debug [all,files,script,task][,…]

Turn on debugging

–defsym SYMBOL=EXPRESSION

Define a symbol

–demangle [=STYLE]

Demangle C++ symbols in log messages

–no-demangle

Do not demangle C++ symbols in log messages

–dependency-file FILE

Write a dependency file listing all files read

–detect-odr-violations

Look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule

–no-detect-odr-violations

Do not look for violations of the C++ One Definition Rule (default)

–dynamic-list-data

Add data symbols to dynamic symbols

–dynamic-list-cpp-new

Add C++ operator new/delete to dynamic symbols

–dynamic-list-cpp-typeinfo Add C++ typeinfo to dynamic symbols

–dynamic-list FILE

Read a list of dynamic symbols

–emit-stub-syms

(PowerPC only) Label linker stubs with a symbol (default)

–no-emit-stub-syms

(PowerPC only) Do not label linker stubs with a symbol

-e ADDRESS, –entry ADDRESS Set program start address

–eh-frame-hdr

Create exception frame header

–no-eh-frame-hdr

Do not create exception frame header (default)

–enable-new-dtags

Enable use of DT_RUNPATH (default)

–disable-new-dtags

Disable use of DT_RUNPATH

–no-enum-size-warning

(ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible enum sizes

–exclude-libs lib,lib …

Exclude libraries from automatic export

-E, –export-dynamic

Export all dynamic symbols

–no-export-dynamic

Do not export all dynamic symbols (default)

–export-dynamic-symbol SYMBOL

Export SYMBOL to dynamic symbol table

-EB

Link big-endian objects.

-EL

Link little-endian objects.

-f SHLIB, –auxiliary SHLIB Auxiliary filter for shared object symbol table

-F SHLIB, –filter SHLIB

Filter for shared object symbol table

–fatal-warnings

Treat warnings as errors

–no-fatal-warnings

Do not treat warnings as errors (default)

-fini SYMBOL

Call SYMBOL at unload-time

–fix-arm1176

(ARM only) Fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum (default)

–no-fix-arm1176

(ARM only) Do not fix binaries for ARM1176 erratum

–fix-cortex-a8

(ARM only) Fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum

–no-fix-cortex-a8

(ARM only) Do not fix binaries for Cortex-A8 erratum (default)

–fix-cortex-a53-843419

(AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419

–no-fix-cortex-a53-843419

(AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 843419 (default)

–fix-cortex-a53-835769

(AArch64 only) Fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769

–no-fix-cortex-a53-835769

(AArch64 only) Do not fix Cortex-A53 erratum 835769 (default)

–fix-v4bx

(ARM only) Rewrite BX rn as MOV pc, rn for ARMv4

–fix-v4bx-interworking

(ARM only) Rewrite BX rn branch to ARMv4 interworking veneer

-fuse-ld [gold,bfd]

Ignored for GCC linker option compatibility

-g

Ignored

–gc-sections

Remove unused sections

–no-gc-sections

Don’t remove unused sections (default)

–gdb-index

Generate .gdb_index section

–no-gdb-index

Do not generate .gdb_index section (default)

–gnu-unique

Enable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding (default)

–no-gnu-unique

Disable STB_GNU_UNIQUE symbol binding

-G, -shared

Generate shared library

-h FILENAME, -soname FILENAME

Set shared library name

–hash-bucket-empty-fraction FRACTION

Min fraction of empty buckets in dynamic hash

–hash-style [sysv,gnu,both]

Dynamic hash style

-i

Alias for -r

–icf [none,all,safe]

Identical Code Folding. ‘–icf=safe’ Folds ctors, dtors and functions whose pointers are definitely not taken

–icf-iterations COUNT

Number of iterations of ICF (default 3)

–incremental

Do an incremental link if possible; otherwise, do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking

–no-incremental

Do a full link (default)

–incremental-full

Do a full link and prepare output for incremental linking

–incremental-update

Do an incremental link; exit if not possible

–incremental-base FILE

Set base file for incremental linking (default is output file)

–incremental-changed

Assume files changed

–incremental-unchanged

Assume files didn’t change

–incremental-unknown

Use timestamps to check files (default)

–incremental-startup-unchanged

Assume startup files unchanged (files preceding this option)

–incremental-patch PERCENT Amount of extra space to allocate for patches (default 10)

-init SYMBOL

Call SYMBOL at load-time

-I PROGRAM, –dynamic-linker PROGRAM

Set dynamic linker path

–just-symbols FILE

Read only symbol values from FILE

–keep-files-mapped

Keep files mapped across passes (default)

–no-keep-files-mapped

Release mapped files after each pass

–keep-unique SYMBOL

Do not fold this symbol during ICF

-l LIBNAME, –library LIBNAME

Search for library LIBNAME

–ld-generated-unwind-info

Generate unwind information for PLT (default)

–no-ld-generated-unwind-info

Do not generate unwind information for PLT

-L DIR, –library-path DIR

Add directory to search path

–long-plt

(ARM only) Generate long PLT entries

–no-long-plt

(ARM only) Do not generate long PLT entries (default)

-m EMULATION

Set GNU linker emulation; obsolete

–map-whole-files

Map whole files to memory (default)

–no-map-whole-files

Map relevant file parts to memory

–merge-exidx-entries

(ARM only) Merge exidx entries in debuginfo (default)

–no-merge-exidx-entries

(ARM only) Do not merge exidx entries in debuginfo

–mmap-output-file

Map the output file for writing (default)

–no-mmap-output-file

Do not map the output file for writing

-M, –print-map

Write map file on standard output

-Map MAPFILENAME

Write map file

-n, –nmagic

Do not page align data

-N, –omagic

Do not page align data, do not make text readonly

–no-omagic

Page align data, make text readonly (default)

–no-keep-memory

Use less memory and more disk I/O (included only for compatibility with GNU ld)

–no-undefined

Report undefined symbols (even with –shared)

–noinhibit-exec

Create an output file even if errors occur

-nostdlib

Only search directories specified on the command line

-o FILE, –output FILE

Set output file name

–oformat [binary]

Set output format

-O LEVEL, -optimize LEVEL

Optimize output file size

–orphan-handling [place,discard,warn,error]

Orphan section handling

-p

Ignored for ARM compatibility

-pie

Create a position independent executable

-no-pie

Do not create a position independent executable (default)

–pic-executable

Create a position independent executable

–no-pic-executable

Do not create a position independent executable (default)

–pic-veneer

Force PIC sequences for ARM/Thumb interworking veneers

-no-pipeline-knowledge

(ARM only) Ignore for backward compatibility (default)

–plt-align [=P2ALIGN]

(PowerPC only) Align PLT call stubs to fit cache lines

–plt-localentry

(PowerPC64 only) Optimize calls to ELFv2 localentry:0 functions

–no-plt-localentry

(PowerPC64 only) Don’t optimize ELFv2 calls (default)

–plt-static-chain

(PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should load r11

–no-plt-static-chain

(PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs should not load r11 (default)

–plt-thread-safe

(PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs with load-load barrier

–no-plt-thread-safe

(PowerPC64 only) PLT call stubs without barrier (default)

–plugin PLUGIN

Load a plugin library

–plugin-opt OPTION

Pass an option to the plugin

–posix-fallocate

Use posix_fallocate to reserve space in the output file (default)

–no-posix-fallocate

Use fallocate or ftruncate to reserve space

–power10-stubs [=auto,no,yes]

(PowerPC64 only) stubs use power10 insns

–no-power10-stubs

(PowerPC64 only) stubs do not use power10 insns

–preread-archive-symbols

Preread archive symbols when multi-threaded

–print-gc-sections

List removed unused sections on stderr

–no-print-gc-sections

Do not list removed unused sections (default)

–print-icf-sections

List folded identical sections on stderr

–no-print-icf-sections

Do not list folded identical sections (default)

–print-output-format

Print default output format

–print-symbol-counts FILENAME

Print symbols defined and used for each input

–push-state

Save the state of flags related to input files

–pop-state

Restore the state of flags related to input files

-q, –emit-relocs

Generate relocations in output

-Qy

Ignored for SVR4 compatibility

-r, -relocatable

Generate relocatable output

–relax

Relax branches on certain targets

–no-relax

Do not relax branches (default)

–retain-symbols-file FILE

keep only symbols listed in this file

–rosegment

Put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment

–no-rosegment

Do not put read-only non-executable sections in their own segment (default)

–rosegment-gap OFFSET

Set offset between executable and read-only segments

-R DIR

Add DIR to runtime search path

-rpath DIR

Add DIR to runtime search path

–rpath-link DIR

Add DIR to link time shared library search path

-s, –strip-all

Strip all symbols

-S, –strip-debug

Strip debugging information

–strip-debug-non-line

Emit only debug line number information

–strip-debug-gdb

Strip debug symbols that are unused by gdb (at least versions <= 7.4)

–strip-lto-sections

Strip LTO intermediate code sections (default)

–section-ordering-file FILENAME

Layout sections in the order specified

–section-start SECTION=ADDRESS

Set address of section

–secure-plt

(PowerPC only) Use new-style PLT (default)

–sort-common [={ascending,descending}]

Sort common symbols by alignment

–sort-section [none,name]

Sort sections by name. ‘–no-text-reorder’ will override ‘–sort-section=name’ for .text

–spare-dynamic-tags COUNT

Dynamic tag slots to reserve (default 5)

–stub-group-size SIZE

(ARM, PowerPC only) The maximum distance from instructions in a group of sections to their stubs. Negative values mean stubs are always after the group. 1 means use default size

–stub-group-multi

(PowerPC only) Allow a group of stubs to serve multiple output sections (default)

–no-stub-group-multi

(PowerPC only) Each output section has its own stubs

–split-stack-adjust-size SIZE

Stack size when -fsplit-stack function calls non-split

-static

Do not link against shared libraries

–start-lib

Start a library

–end-lib

End a library

–stats

Print resource usage statistics

–sysroot DIR

Set target system root directory

-t, –trace

Print the name of each input file

–target1-abs

(ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_ABS32

–target1-rel

(ARM only) Force R_ARM_TARGET1 type to R_ARM_REL32

–target2 [rel, abs, got-rel

(ARM only) Set R_ARM_TARGET2 relocation type

–text-reorder

Enable text section reordering for GCC section names (default)

–no-text-reorder

Disable text section reordering for GCC section names

–threads

Run the linker multi-threaded

–no-threads

Do not run the linker multi-threaded (default)

–thread-count COUNT

Number of threads to use

–thread-count-initial COUNT

Number of threads to use in initial pass

–thread-count-middle COUNT Number of threads to use in middle pass

–thread-count-final COUNT

Number of threads to use in final pass

–tls-optimize

(PowerPC/64 only) Optimize GD/LD/IE code to IE/LE (default)

–no-tls-optimize

(PowerPC/64 only) Don”’t try to optimize TLS accesses

–tls-get-addr-optimize

(PowerPC/64 only) Use a special __tls_get_addr call (default)

–no-tls-get-addr-optimize

(PowerPC/64 only) Don’t use a special __tls_get_addr call

–toc-optimize

(PowerPC64 only) Optimize TOC code sequences (default)

–no-toc-optimize

(PowerPC64 only) Don’t optimize TOC code sequences

–toc-sort

(PowerPC64 only) Sort TOC and GOT sections (default)

–no-toc-sort

(PowerPC64 only) Don’t sort TOC and GOT sections

-T FILE, –script FILE

Read linker script

-Tbss ADDRESS

Set the address of the bss segment

-Tdata ADDRESS

Set the address of the data segment

-Ttext ADDRESS

Set the address of the text segment

-Ttext-segment ADDRESS

Set the address of the text segment

-Trodata-segment ADDRESS

Set the address of the rodata segment

-u SYMBOL, –undefined SYMBOL

Create undefined reference to SYMBOL

–unresolved-symbols ignore-all,report-all,ignore-in-object-files,ignore-in-shared-libs

How to handle unresolved symbols

–verbose

Alias for –debug=,files/

–version-script FILE

Read version script

–warn-common

Warn about duplicate common symbols

–no-warn-common

Do not warn about duplicate common symbols (default)

–warn-constructors

Ignored

–no-warn-constructors

Ignored

–warn-drop-version

Warn when discarding version information

–no-warn-drop-version

Do not warn when discarding version information (default)

–warn-execstack

Warn if the stack is executable

–no-warn-execstack

Do not warn if the stack is executable (default)

–no-warn-mismatch

Don’t warn about mismatched input files

–warn-multiple-gp

Ignored

–warn-search-mismatch

Warn when skipping an incompatible library (default)

–no-warn-search-mismatch

Don’t warn when skipping an incompatible library

–warn-shared-textrel

Warn if text segment is not shareable

–no-warn-shared-textrel

Do not warn if text segment is not shareable (default)

–warn-unresolved-symbols

Report unresolved symbols as warnings

–error-unresolved-symbols

Report unresolved symbols as errors (default)

-z buildd

Dummy z option

–no-wchar-size-warning

(ARM only) Do not warn about objects with incompatible wchar_t sizes

–weak-unresolved-symbols

Convert unresolved symbols to weak references

–whole-archive

Include all archive contents

–no-whole-archive

Include only needed archive contents (default)

–wrap SYMBOL

Use wrapper functions for SYMBOL

-x, –discard-all

Delete all local symbols

-X, –discard-locals

Delete all temporary local symbols

–discard-none

Keep all local symbols

-y SYMBOL, –trace-symbol SYMBOL

Trace references to symbol

–undefined-version

Allow unused version in script (default)

–no-undefined-version

Do not allow unused version in script

-Y PATH

Default search path for Solaris compatibility

-(, –start-group

Start a library search group

-), –end-group

End a library search group

-z bndplt

(x86-64 only) Generate a BND PLT for Intel MPX

-z nobndplt

Generate a regular PLT (default)

-z combreloc

Sort dynamic relocs (default)

-z nocombreloc

Do not sort dynamic relocs

-z common-page-size=SIZE

Set common page size to SIZE

-z defs

Report undefined symbols (even with –shared)

-z execstack

Mark output as requiring executable stack

-z global

Make symbols in DSO available for subsequently loaded objects

-z initfirst

Mark DSO to be initialized first at runtime

-z interpose

Mark object to interpose all DSOs but executable

-z unique

Mark DSO to be loaded at most once, and only in the main namespace

-z nounique

Do not mark the DSO as one to be loaded only in the main namespace (default)

-z lazy

Mark object for lazy runtime binding (default)

-z loadfltr

Mark object requiring immediate process

-z max-page-size=SIZE

Set maximum page size to SIZE

-z muldefs

Allow multiple definitions of symbols

-z nocopyreloc

Do not create copy relocs

-z nodefaultlib

Mark object not to use default search paths

-z nodelete

Mark DSO non-deletable at runtime

-z nodlopen

Mark DSO not available to dlopen

-z nodump

Mark DSO not available to dldump

-z noexecstack

Mark output as not requiring executable stack

-z now

Mark object for immediate function binding

-z origin

Mark DSO to indicate that needs immediate $ORIGIN processing at runtime

-z relro

Where possible mark variables read-only after relocation (default)

-z norelro

Don’t mark variables read-only after relocation

-z stack-size=SIZE

Set PT_GNU_STACK segment p_memsz to SIZE

-z start-stop-visibility=[default,internal,hidden,protected]

ELF symbol visibility for synthesized __start_* and __stop_* symbols

-z text

Do not permit relocations in read-only segments

-z notext

Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)

-z textoff

Permit relocations in read-only segments (default)

-z text-unlikely-segment

Move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment.

-z notext-unlikely-segment

Do not move .text.unlikely sections to a separate segment. (default)

-z keep-text-section-prefix Keep .text.hot, .text.startup, .text.exit and .text.unlikely as separate sections in the final binary.

-z nokeep-text-section-prefix

Merge all .text.* prefix sections. (default)

debian/tmp/usr/bin/ld.gold: supported targets: elf32-x86-64 elf32-x86-64-freebsd elf32-x86-64-nacl elf64-x86-64 elf64-x86-64-freebsd elf64-x86-64-nacl elf32-iamcu elf32-i386 elf32-i386-freebsd elf32-i386-nacl debian/tmp/usr/bin/ld.gold: supported emulations: elf32_x86_64 elf32_x86_64_nacl elf_x86_64 elf_x86_64_nacl elf_iamcu elf_i386 elf_i386_nacl

Reporting Bugs

Report bugs to <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>

Copyright

Copyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you may redistribute it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3 or (at your option) a later version. This program has absolutely no warranty.