Std::filesystem::path::lexically_normal,std::filesystem::path::lexically_relative, (3) Linux Manual Page

std::filesystem::path::lexically_normal,std::filesystem::path::lexically_relative, – std::filesystem::path::lexically_normal,std::filesystem::path::lexically_relative,

Synopsis

path lexically_normal() const; (1) (since C++17)
path lexically_relative(const path& base) const; (2) (since C++17)
path lexically_proximate(const path& base) const; (3) (since C++17)
1) Returns *this converted to normal form in its generic format
2) Returns *this made relative to base.

*First, if root_name () != base.root_name() || is_absolute() != base.is_absolute()

            || (!has_root_directory() && base.has_root_directory()),
    returns a

        default -
        constructed path.
            *Otherwise,
    first determines the first mismatched element of *this and base as if

    by auto [a, b] = mismatch(begin(), end(), base.begin(), base.end()),
                then
                            *if a
                        == end() and
                    b == base.end(),
                returns path(".");
  * otherwise, define N as the number of nonempty filename elements that are neither

 dot nor dot-dot in [b, base.end()), minus the number of dot-dot filename

 elements, If N < 0, returns a default-constructed path.
  * otherwise, if N = 0 and a == end() || a->empty(), returns path(".").
  * otherwise returns an object composed from
* a default-constructed path() followed by
  * N applications of operator/=(path("..")), followed by
  * one application of operator/= for each element in the half-open range [a, end())

3) If the value of lexically_relative(base) is not an empty path, return it.
Otherwise return *this.

Parameters

(none)

Return value

1) The normal form of the path
2) The relative form of the path
3) The proximate form of the path

Exceptions

(none)

Notes

These conversions are purely lexical. They do not check that the paths exist, do not
follow symlinks, and do not access the filesystem at all. For symlink-following
counterparts of lexically_relative and lexically_proximate, see relative and
proximate.
On Windows, the returned path has backslashes (the preferred separators),

Example

// Run this code

#include <iostream>

#include <filesystem>

#include <cassert>

namespace fs = std::filesystem;
int main()

{
    assert(fs::path("foo/./bar/..").lexically_normal() == "foo/");
    assert(fs::path("foo/.///bar/../").lexically_normal() == "foo/");
    assert(fs::path("/a/d").lexically_relative("/a/b/c") == "../../d");
    assert(fs::path("/a/b/c").lexically_relative("/a/d") == "../b/c");
    assert(fs::path("a/b/c").lexically_relative("a") == "b/c");
    assert(fs::path("a/b/c").lexically_relative("a/b/c/x/y") == "../..");
    assert(fs::path("a/b/c").lexically_relative("a/b/c") == ".");
    assert(fs::path("a/b").lexically_relative("c/d") == "../../a/b");
}

  Defect reports
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to
previously published C++ standards.
DR    Applied to             Behavior as published             Correct behavior
LWG 3096 C++17      trailing "/" and "/." are handled incorrectly corrected

std::filesystem::path::lexically_normal,std::filesystem::path::lexically_relative, (3) Linux Manual Page