Std::log(std::complex) (3) Linux Manual Page

std::log(std::complex) – std::log(std::complex)

Synopsis

Defined in header<complex>

    template <class T>

    complex<T> log(const complex<T> &z);

Computes complex natural (base e) logarithm of a complex value z with a branch cut along the negative real axis.

Parameters

z – complex value

Return value

If no errors occur, the complex natural logarithm of z is returned, in the range of a strip in the interval [−iπ, +iπ] along the imaginary axis and mathematically unbounded along the real axis.
Error handling and special values
Errors are reported consistent with math_errhandling
If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic,
* The function is continuous onto the branch cut taking into account the sign of imaginary part
* std::log(std::conj(z)) == std::conj(std::log(z))
* If z is (-0,+0), the result is (-∞,π) and FE_DIVBYZERO is raised
* If z is (+0,+0), the result is (-∞,+0) and FE_DIVBYZERO is raised
* If z is (x,+∞) (for any finite x), the result is (+∞,π/2)
* If z is (x,NaN) (for any finite x), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised
* If z is (-∞,y) (for any finite positive y), the result is (+∞,π)
* If z is (+∞,y) (for any finite positive y), the result is (+∞,+0)
* If z is (-∞,+∞), the result is (+∞,3π/4)
* If z is (+∞,+∞), the result is (+∞,π/4)
* If z is (±∞,NaN), the result is (+∞,NaN)
* If z is (NaN,y) (for any finite y), the result is (NaN,NaN) and FE_INVALID may be raised
* If z is (NaN,+∞), the result is (+∞,NaN)
* If z is (NaN,NaN), the result is (NaN,NaN)

Notes

The natural logarithm of a complex number z with polar coordinate components (r,θ) equals ln r + i(θ+2nπ), with the principal value ln r + iθ
The semantics of this function are intended to be consistent with the C function clog.
Defect reports
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG_2597 C++98 specification mishandles signed zero imaginary parts erroneous requirement removed

Example

// Run this code

#include <iostream>

#include <cmath>

#include <complex>
int main()

{
    std::complex<double> z(0, 1); // // r = 1, θ = pi/2
    std::cout << "2*log" << z << " = " << 2. * std::log(z) << '\n';
    std::complex<double> z2(sqrt(2) / 2, sqrt(2) / 2); // r = 1, θ = pi/4
    std::cout << "4*log" << z2 << " = " << 4. * std::log(z2) << '\n';
    std::complex<double> z3(-1, 0); // r = 1, θ = pi
    std::cout << "log" << z3 << " = " << std::log(z3) << '\n';
    std::complex<double> z4(-1, -0.0); // the other side of the cut
    std::cout << "log" << z4 << " (the other side of the cut) = " << std::log(z4) << '\n';
}

Output:

  2*log(0,1) = (0,3.14159)
  4*log(0.707107,0.707107) = (0,3.14159)
  log(-1,0) = (0,3.14159)
  log(-1,-0) (the other side of the cut) = (0,-3.14159)

std::log(std::complex) (3) Linux Manual Page