The standard way to generate patches from git commits is git format-patch. This creates email-ready patch files that include commit messages, author information, and metadata. # Create a patch from the last commit git format-patch -1 # Create patches for the last N commits git format-patch -3 # Create patches from a specific commit onwards…
The simplest approach is passing log level flags directly to sbt: sbt –error “compile” sbt –warn “clean compile” sbt –info “test” sbt –debug “publishLocal” Common log level flags: –error — errors only –warn — warnings and errors (default) –info — info, warnings, and errors –debug — verbose debugging output –trace — most verbose, rarely needed…
awk is the most efficient approach for this task. It processes the file in a single pass and doesn’t load data into memory: awk ‘{ total += $5; count++ } END { print total/count }’ file.txt This assumes your numeric value is the 5th whitespace-delimited field. For a file like: Run 0: Time used: 22.235331711…
If you need millisecond precision timestamps from the command line, there are several approaches depending on your use case and system requirements. Using date with %3N The simplest and most reliable method on modern GNU coreutils (8.32+) is: date +%s%3N This outputs seconds since epoch followed by exactly three digits of nanosecond precision (milliseconds). Example…
The simplest approach creates a JAR with just your project’s compiled classes: sbt package This outputs to target/scala-2.x.y/projectname_2.x.y-zz.jar. The naming convention includes the Scala version to prevent classpath conflicts when multiple Scala versions coexist. For iterative development, use watch mode: sbt ~package This rebuilds the JAR after every source change. However, this JAR only contains…
When working with multiple Scala projects, you’ll often need different sbt versions. A project using sbt 1.9.x may not be compatible with sbt 0.13.x, and manually switching between system-wide installations becomes tedious and error-prone. Using sbt-extras for automatic version detection The most reliable approach is sbt-extras, a wrapper script that automatically detects and uses the…
Eclipse CDT has evolved to handle CMake projects effectively. The key is understanding which approach fits your workflow — native CMake integration (recommended for 2023+ versions) or generating build files. Native CMake Integration (Recommended) Eclipse CDT 2023 and later include robust native CMake support. This is the simplest approach for new projects or when you…
To determine file size in C, use stat() to populate a struct stat and read the st_size field. Here’s the correct approach: #include <sys/stat.h> #include <stdio.h> off_t file_length(const char *path) { struct stat st; if (stat(path, &st) == -1) { perror(“stat”); return -1; } return st.st_size; } Why off_t and not long Using off_t as…
When a process receives a signal from kill or pkill, it needs a signal handler to intercept and respond to it. Without one, most signals terminate the process immediately. This guide covers setting up robust signal handlers for production daemons. Understanding Signals The kill command sends signals to processes. By default, it sends SIGTERM (signal…
Git branching is fundamental to modern development workflows. A branch is a lightweight pointer to a commit that lets you work on multiple features, fixes, or experiments in parallel without affecting the main codebase. Understanding branching well is essential for team collaboration and maintaining a clean project history. Creating and Switching Branches Create a new…
If you’ve compiled a kernel module for a specific kernel version or need to pin a package to prevent automatic updates, you’ll want to exclude it from yum or dnf. There are several approaches depending on whether you need a permanent exclusion, per-repository exclusion, or temporary lockdown. Global Exclusions in Configuration The simplest approach is…
Line wrapping in Vim controls whether long lines display across multiple visual lines or extend beyond the window edge. This is purely visual—wrapping doesn’t modify your file. Understanding when to enable, disable, and configure wrapping is essential for different workflows. Enable and Disable Wrapping Enable soft wrapping to see long lines across multiple rows: :set…
Thunderbird wraps lines at a fixed character width by default during composition, which interferes with code snippets, preformatted text, and any content where line breaks matter. Here’s how to turn it off. Via Preferences The quickest method through the GUI: Open Thunderbird and go to Edit → Preferences (or Thunderbird → Settings on macOS) Navigate…
The primary keyboard shortcut for formatting code in Eclipse is Ctrl + Shift + F. This reformats your entire active file according to your configured code style settings without requiring any text selection. When you press Ctrl + Shift + F, Eclipse adjusts indentation, spacing, line breaks, and bracket placement across the file. To format…
Direct assignment to window.onload overwrites any existing handler. If a plugin, library, or another script has already set a handler, your code will replace it completely: // Plugin sets this window.onload = function() { initializePlugin(); } // Your code overwrites it window.onload = function() { doMyWork(); } // Result: initializePlugin() never runs This breaks plugins…
X11 forwarding lets you run Chrome on a remote host and display it on your local machine. It’s quick to set up for occasional use, but for regular work or modern Linux systems, you’ll want to know when to use alternatives. Basic X11 Forwarding The simplest approach uses SSH’s X11 forwarding: ssh -X username@remote_host google-chrome…
The most straightforward approach is whitespace-mode, which provides built-in visual feedback for lines exceeding a specified column width. Add this to your Emacs configuration: (require ‘whitespace) (setq whitespace-style ‘(face empty tabs lines-tail trailing)) (setq whitespace-line-column 80) (global-whitespace-mode t) The lines-tail style highlights only the portion of the line exceeding whitespace-line-column, which is less visually intrusive…
IBus daemon restarts aren’t always straightforward in GNOME, especially since menu options have been removed. You’ll need to kill the daemon and start a fresh one. Quick restart Kill the current IBus daemon: pkill -o ibus-daemon The -o flag terminates only the oldest process, which is typically the main daemon (not child processes). IBus usually…
If you’ve pushed a commit with a bad message, you can fix it—but the approach depends on whether others have pulled that commit yet. When Rewriting Is Safe Only amend and force-push if: You’re the only one using the repository You’re absolutely certain no one else has pulled the commit yet Your branch protection rules…
Viewing file contents in hexadecimal is essential for debugging binaries, inspecting file headers, analyzing corrupted data, and understanding file formats. Linux provides several tools for this, each with different strengths. xxd xxd is the most commonly used hex viewer. By default, it displays hex on the left and ASCII representation on the right: xxd file.txt…