Linux kernel 4.14.223 is a stable release in the long-term support (LTS) 4.14 series. This patch version includes 176 changes and bug fixes across 277,921 lines of code modifications compared to the base 4.14 release. Where to Get the Code The source code is available from the linux-stable tree with the linux-4.14.223 tag. You can…
This post covers the changes, bugfixes, and new features in Linux kernel 5.4.102. The release includes 338 patches totaling approximately 160,715 lines of changed or added source code compared to the 5.4 baseline. You can find the source code in the linux-stable tree, or download the 5.4.102 release package directly. The patch bundle is also…
The Linux 4.9.60 stable release was published on November 2, 2017, introducing 24 fixes and improvements across 64,224 lines of code changes compared to the 4.9 baseline. This point release addresses critical security vulnerabilities, buffer overrun issues, and device driver fixes that affected several subsystems. You can find the source code in the linux-stable tree…
The xt_quota netfilter module reports quota values back to userspace for tools like iptables-save and rule management. A critical kernel patch changed how these values are communicated to ensure proper handling of quota rule removal and persistence. The Problem Originally, the xt_quota module copied the current quota value back to userspace after each packet match….
R handles JSON data effectively through packages designed for parsing and manipulating structured data. The most practical approach for fetching JSON from REST APIs is using the jsonlite package. Install and load jsonlite Install the package once: install.packages(“jsonlite”) Load it in your R session: library(jsonlite) Fetch JSON from a REST API Use fromJSON() to retrieve…
Excel files remain a common data format you’ll encounter. The readxl package handles both .xls and .xlsx formats efficiently without external dependencies, making it the standard choice for Excel import in R. Installation Install the package once per R environment: install.packages(“readxl”) Load it in your session or script: library(readxl) Basic Import The read_excel() function handles…
ODT files often contain formatting that you don’t need. Whether you’re archiving content, preparing text for further processing, or just need readability without markup, converting to plain text is straightforward. Here are the practical approaches and their tradeoffs. LibreOffice Conversion LibreOffice’s –convert-to flag handles ODT natively: libreoffice –headless –convert-to txt input.odt The –headless flag prevents…
LibreOffice is the most reliable tool for command-line document conversion, offering robust support for Microsoft Office formats. Install it on Ubuntu/Debian/Linux Mint: sudo apt install libreoffice On Fedora/RHEL systems: sudo dnf install libreoffice For minimal headless-only installations without GUI dependencies: sudo apt install libreoffice-writer libreoffice-calc libreoffice-impress Converting .docx/.doc to .odt LibreOffice runs in headless mode…
Eclipse’s EGit plugin includes Git blame functionality built-in, allowing you to view revision details directly in the editor. This feature shows commit information, author, and date for each line without leaving your editor. First, ensure you have EGit installed. If you’re on a recent Eclipse version (2024 or later), EGit comes bundled. If not, install…
macOS provides built-in keyboard modifier remapping without third-party software. Open System Settings → Keyboard → Modifier Keys and you can reassign any modifier key globally or per-device. To map the right Option key to Control: Open System Settings Navigate to Keyboard → Modifier Keys Select your keyboard device (important if you use multiple keyboards) Set…
Hex-encoded strings are common in system administration, debugging, and network packet analysis. Whether you’re examining binary data, decoding network protocols, or troubleshooting data encoding issues, you’ll often need to convert between hex and ASCII representations. xxd is the standard tool for this task on Unix-like systems. It creates hexdumps and reverses them back to binary…
This document provides the essential software versions and upgrade instructions for running Linux 2.0.x kernels successfully. It covers package compatibility, known issues, and practical solutions for system administrators upgrading from earlier kernel releases. Networking Configuration The loopback route configuration in many older network scripts is incorrect and will cause kernel errors in 2.0.x. Look for…
This document preserves the original Linux 1.0 release notes (source: linux-1.0.tar.gz), released in March 1994. It’s a snapshot of early Linux kernel development and shows the rapid pace of improvement during the pre-1.0 era. The original ASCII formatted version appears at the end of this post. Changes since 0.99 patchlevel 15 Removed all the bugs,…
This document preserves the original release notes for Linux kernel v0.97, an early milestone in kernel development that demonstrates the rapid evolution of core subsystems in the 1990s. The content below has been reformatted from the original ASCII release notes for readability while maintaining historical accuracy. Changes in 0.97 Display and graphics support VESA support…
This document covers the Linux v0.95a root diskette release from March 17, 1992. It documents the changes between v0.95/0.12 and v0.95a. For context on the base 0.95 release, read RELNOTES-0.95 first — this only covers the delta. Changes to the Root Diskette Shell replacement: bash → ash Bash was replaced with ash, the BSD 4.3…
This document preserves the historical release notes for Linux v0.95 (March 7, 1992), one of the earliest public kernel versions. These notes provide valuable insight into early Linux development decisions and technical challenges. The original notes are presented here with minor formatting improvements for readability. Copyright Linux 0.95 is copyrighted under the GNU General Public…
Linux v0.12 is a historical kernel release from the early days of Linux development. This document preserves the original release notes with minimal modifications to improve readability and accuracy. These notes are primarily of archaeological interest to those studying early Linux kernel history. Copyright The Linux copyright was updated to conform with the GNU General…
This document preserves the original release notes for Linux kernel version 0.01, the first public release by Linus Torvalds in 1991. These notes provide historical context on the early design decisions and limitations of what would become the world’s most widely used operating system kernel. Contents The 0.01 distribution included: linux-0.01.tar.Z — kernel source code…
Linux 5.4.72 is a stable kernel update containing 23 commits and approximately 126,508 lines of code changes compared to the base 5.4 release. This release focuses on critical security and stability fixes across cryptography, filesystem, USB, Bluetooth, and architecture-specific code paths. Cryptography and Security Fixes QAT cipher validation Added length validation for AEAD AES-CBC-HMAC operations…
Eclipse’s IDE capabilities make it useful for managing larger codebases, especially those version-controlled with Git. The Quick Diff feature lets you see at a glance which lines differ from your last commit—essential when reviewing your work before staging changes. Enable Quick Diff in Eclipse Open Eclipse and navigate to Window → Preferences. This opens the…