Linear consistency models are crucial in ensuring reliability and coherence in distributed computer systems. These models help manage how systems handle data and operations across multiple nodes, ensuring consistency without sacrificing performance. What is a Linear Consistency Model? In distributed computing, a linear consistency model ensures that operations on distributed data appear as if they…
Cloud storage systems utilize various consistency models to balance performance, availability, and data accuracy. This article explores these models, their trade-offs, and examples of systems using them. We’ll also discuss the CAP theorem and its implications. Consistency Models Strong Consistency Definition: Guarantees that any read operation returns the most recent write for a given piece…
Paxos and Raft are both consensus algorithms used to ensure consistency in distributed systems. While they solve similar problems, they have different approaches and design philosophies. Characteristics Paxos Roles: Proposers, Acceptors, Learners. Phases: Two main phases (Prepare/Promise and Propose/Accept). Leader Election: Not explicitly defined, often implemented using Multi-Paxos to handle multiple proposals efficiently. Use Cases:…
The Raft consensus protocol is a distributed consensus algorithm designed to be more understandable than other consensus algorithms like Paxos. It ensures that a cluster of servers can agree on the state of a system even in the presence of failures. Key Concepts Raft divides the consensus problem into three relatively independent subproblems: Leader Election:…
As a dedicated macOS user, I often find myself missing the convenience of having a Command key located near my thumb for common shortcuts when using Windows. In the standard Windows keyboard layout, the key that occupies the same position as the Command key on macOS is the Alt key. However, the equivalent key on…
Distributed systems, such as peer-to-peer networks, , and other decentralized platforms, have become increasingly popular due to their potential to offer more robust, scalable, and secure solutions. However, these systems face unique challenges and vulnerabilities, one of which is the Sybil attack. Named after the psychiatric case study “Sybil,” in which a person exhibits multiple…
Distributed systems are becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as cloud computing, , and peer-to-peer networks. One of the challenges in designing robust distributed systems is dealing with Byzantine faults, a type of fault that can be particularly difficult to detect and handle. Byzantine faults, named after the Byzantine Generals’ Problem, involve components of…
Consensus algorithms play a crucial role in the functioning of decentralized networks, such as blockchain-based systems. They help maintain the integrity, security, and reliability of these networks by ensuring that all participants agree on the state of the system. In this post, we will explore the concept of consensus algorithms, their importance, and some of…
Double-spending is a critical issue that any digital currency must address to ensure its viability and security. In this post, we’ll explore the concept of double-spending, the problems it poses, and how blockchain technology overcomes these challenges. What is Double-Spending? Double-spending occurs when a user spends the same digital currency unit more than once. In…
Blockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Work (PoW) is a consensus mechanism that…
Blockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Stake (PoS) is a consensus mechanism that…
Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain platform that enables developers to build and deploy decentralized applications (dApps) on the blockchain. Ethereum was created in 2014 by Vitalik Buterin and has since become one of the most popular blockchain platforms in the world. In this article, we’ll provide a development history of Ethereum, an overview of its…
Decentralization is a concept about control and management. It refers to that the control and decision-making in a distributed network are transferred away from a centralized entity (individual, organization, or group thereof). The resources in a decentralized network are owned and shared by network members. This concept is particularly significant in the world of blockchain…
Cryptographic tokens, or crypto tokens, are tradable digital units of assets that reside on blockchains. These tokens have become increasingly popular in recent years due to the rise of cryptocurrencies and the growing interest in non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Both fungible and non-fungible tokens play a significant role in the world of blockchain technology and digital…
Bitcoin is the world’s first cryptocurrency on the Bitcoin blockchain network. BTC has gained significant popularity since its inception in 2009. It functions as a decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system, allowing users to make transactions without the need for a central authority. Bitcoin History Bitcoin’s story begins with the release of a whitepaper by an…
When working on a large-scale C++ project with multiple dependencies, it can be challenging to understand the relationships between different components and libraries. Thankfully, CMake provides a nifty feature to visualize these dependencies using Graphviz, a widely-used open-source graph visualization software. Using CMake’s –graphviz option and the dot command from Graphviz is a powerful way…
Zlib is a popular open-source compression library used by many software applications to compress and decompress data. It provides fast and efficient compression and decompression algorithms that can be used to reduce the size of data, which can improve performance and reduce storage requirements. In this post, we will discuss how to install zlib in…
Cryptocurrency exchanges have revolutionized the way we trade digital assets, with two main types of exchanges dominating the market: decentralized exchanges (DEX) and centralized exchanges (CEX). In this article, we’ll compare the DEX and CEX from a technical perspective. Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) DEX operate on a decentralized blockchain network, such as Ethereum, and are built…
Welcome to the groundbreaking world of cryptocurrency and blockchain technologies! These cutting-edge technologies are shaking up the global financial environment and paving the path for a more transparent and decentralized future. Consider blockchain technology to be a digital counterpart of a ledger book. It is a secure and immutable digital ledger that records all transactions…
snap is a software app bundle with dependencies included so that it can works in different Linux distributions. However, as most other software, snap has compatiblity issues. An app in the snap format is not 100% the same and compatible with the native version. One of the problem I find is that Thunderbird from snap…