convert

Languages & Frameworks

Choosing Between Python’s zoneinfo and pytz
ByQ A Sep 19, 2018Apr 12, 2026

Python’s standard library includes zoneinfo, which handles timezones correctly without external dependencies. Use it for all new code. from datetime import datetime from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo utc_time = datetime.now(ZoneInfo(“UTC”)) ny_time = utc_time.astimezone(ZoneInfo(“America/New_York”)) print(ny_time) This automatically manages Daylight Saving Time transitions. The IANA timezone database (via the tzdata package on Windows; built-in on Unix-like systems) backs…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Display Date and Time Across Multiple Timezones on Linux
ByQ A Sep 14, 2018Apr 11, 2026

The simplest way to display the date and time in a different timezone is with the TZ environment variable: TZ=’America/New_York’ date This temporarily sets the timezone for that single command execution without affecting your system settings. The change applies only to that invocation. Chain multiple timezone checks easily: TZ=’America/New_York’ date TZ=’Europe/London’ date TZ=’Asia/Tokyo’ date Custom…

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Languages & Frameworks

Converting Strings to Lowercase in Python
ByQ A Jun 1, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The simplest way to convert a string to lowercase is using the lower() method: >>> “Hello World”.lower() ‘hello world’ >>> “ABC”.lower() ‘abc’ >>> “abc”.lower() ‘abc’ The lower() method returns a new string with all uppercase characters converted to lowercase. The original string remains unchanged — strings are immutable in Python. Basic Usage text = “Python…

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Languages & Frameworks

Opening or Creating a File in Read-Write Mode with C++
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 12, 2026

When you need to open a file for both reading and writing, creating it if it doesn’t exist, C++ offers several approaches. The choice depends on your project’s requirements and how much control you need over the process. Using std::fstream The most straightforward modern approach uses std::fstream, part of the standard library: #include <fstream> std::fstream…

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Languages & Frameworks

Checking if a String Starts With Another in C++
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

C++20 introduced std::string::starts_with(), which is the most straightforward way to check if a string begins with a specific substring: #include <iostream> #include <string> int main() { std::string text = “big string here…”; std::cout << std::boolalpha; std::cout << text.starts_with(“big”) << std::endl; // true std::cout << text.starts_with(“small”) << std::endl; // false std::cout << text.starts_with(“big string”) << std::endl;…

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Linux System Configuration

Installing Alien on CentOS 7: Convert .deb to .rpm
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

alien is a straightforward package converter available in EPEL that handles conversion between .deb, .rpm, Slackware, and other package formats. This is useful when you need to install Debian packages on RPM-based systems. Prerequisites You need EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) enabled. On CentOS 7, 8, or Rocky Linux 8+: sudo dnf install epel-release…

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Programming Languages

Converting HTML to Plain Text in PHP
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

HTML to plain text conversion is a common task in PHP applications — whether you’re sanitizing user input, preparing content for email, generating text previews, or creating searchable indexes. Here are the practical approaches. Using strip_tags() The simplest method is PHP’s built-in strip_tags() function: $html = ‘<p>Hello <strong>world</strong>!</p>’; $text = strip_tags($html); echo $text; // Output:…

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Programming Languages

Disabling PHP Short Open Tags
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Short open tags (<? ?>) create compatibility issues with XML declarations and are considered poor practice. While they’re disabled by default in modern PHP versions, you may need to manage this setting when working with legacy code or specific server configurations. Configuration Methods Via php.ini The primary way to control short open tags is through…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Querying Maximum Temperature Across Linux Server Sensors
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 11, 2026

Monitoring server temperatures is essential for preventing hardware damage and maintaining system stability. Linux provides several tools to query thermal sensors and identify which components are running hot. Using lm-sensors The most reliable approach is lm-sensors, a userspace tool that reads temperature data from kernel drivers: # Install lm-sensors sudo apt install lm-sensors # Debian/Ubuntu…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Getting File Modification Time on Linux
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The modification time (mtime) indicates when a file’s content was last changed. This is critical for scripting, backups, logging, and dependency tracking in builds. Using stat The stat command is the most reliable tool for retrieving mtime programmatically: stat -c %Y filename This outputs the Unix timestamp (seconds since epoch). For nanosecond precision: stat -c…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Getting the Next ASCII Character in Bash
ByDavid Yang Mar 24, 2018Apr 11, 2026

Sometimes you need to find the ASCII character that comes after a given character. This is useful for generating sequences, creating substitution ciphers, or manipulating character ranges in shell scripts. Using printf with ASCII Values The most portable and straightforward approach uses printf to convert between characters and their ASCII numeric values: #!/bin/bash get_next_char() {…

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Linux & Systems Administration

How to Split a String by Delimiter in Bash
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Bash doesn’t have a built-in split function, but you can achieve string splitting through several methods. The most common approach uses IFS (Internal Field Separator), though other techniques exist depending on your needs. IFS with read The simplest method for splitting a string by a delimiter: string=”apple,banana,cherry” IFS=’,’ read -ra ADDR <<< “$string” for i…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Converting Epoch Timestamps to Readable Dates in Bash
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Bash provides straightforward methods to convert Unix epoch timestamps into human-readable formats. This is essential for log parsing, system monitoring, and scripting across CI/CD pipelines and production environments. Using the date Command The standard approach is the date command with the -d flag (GNU coreutils) or -r flag (BSD/macOS): Linux (GNU date) date -d @1234567890…

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Programming Languages

Converting Unix Timestamps in C
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The epoch timestamp (seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC) is fundamental for Unix timekeeping. Every process needs reliable time access — whether for logging, scheduling, or benchmarking. Basic Second-Level Precision For simple timestamp needs, use time(): #include <time.h> time_t now = time(NULL); printf(“Current epoch: %ld\n”, (long)now); This returns seconds since epoch as a time_t. It’s…

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Languages & Frameworks

Converting Epoch Timestamps to Readable Dates in Python
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Epoch timestamps (seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC) are common in logs, databases, and APIs. Python’s datetime module handles conversion cleanly. Basic Conversion The simplest approach uses datetime.fromtimestamp(): from datetime import datetime epoch = 1609459200 dt = datetime.fromtimestamp(epoch) print(dt) # 2021-01-01 00:00:00 For UTC times specifically, use utcfromtimestamp(): from datetime import datetime, timezone epoch =…

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Languages & Frameworks

Getting the Current Epoch Timestamp in Java
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Java provides multiple ways to get the current time as an epoch value. The right approach depends on whether you need milliseconds, seconds, or nanosecond precision, and whether you’re working with UTC or time zones. Using Instant for UTC timestamps The most straightforward method is Instant.now(): Instant now = Instant.now(); long epochSeconds = now.getEpochSecond(); long…

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Languages & Frameworks

Getting Unix Timestamp in Go
ByEric Ma Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

Getting the current epoch timestamp is straightforward using the time package: package main import ( “fmt” “time” ) func main() { epoch := time.Now().Unix() fmt.Println(epoch) } The time.Now().Unix() call returns the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC as an int64. Getting nanosecond precision If you need higher resolution, use UnixNano() for nanoseconds since…

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Languages & Frameworks

Getting Epoch Timestamps in PHP
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The epoch timestamp (also called Unix time) represents the number of seconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. PHP provides several straightforward methods to obtain this value. Using time() The simplest approach is the time() function: <?php $timestamp = time(); echo $timestamp; // Output: 1704067200 (example) ?> This returns the current Unix timestamp as an…

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Programming Languages

Getting Epoch Timestamps in Perl
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The Unix epoch (seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC) is the standard for representing time across systems. Perl gives you straightforward access to this value. Basic epoch timestamp The simplest way to get the current epoch time: my $epoch = time(); print $epoch; # prints something like 1735689600 The time() function returns an integer representing…

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Linux & Systems Administration

Getting Unix Timestamps in Bash
ByQ A Mar 24, 2018Apr 13, 2026

The date command is your primary tool for retrieving Unix epoch timestamps. It’s available on virtually all Unix-like systems and integrates seamlessly into scripts and command pipelines. Basic Epoch Timestamp date +%s This returns the number of seconds since January 1, 1970 UTC. Output looks like 1735689600. Higher Precision with Nanoseconds For microsecond or nanosecond…

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