Integrating a MySQL Client into Your Application Connecting to a MySQL database is a core task for most backend applications. The Modern Approach Instead of embedding the mysql command-line client, use a language-specific connector: Python: pip install mysql-connector-python Node.js: npm install mysql2 Go: github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql Databases in 2026 In 2026, while MySQL is still widely used,…
Any suggestions on good tutorials for screen on Linux? To start with screen: A quick tutorial on screen. After can use the basic functions of screen, you may check out A dummies introduction to GNU Screen and A guide to GNU Screen. During all the progresses, frequently check the screen man page.
How to Convert Text to Lowercase in Linux There are several quick ways to change case in the Linux terminal. The Commands tr: echo “HELLO” | tr ‘[:upper:]’ ‘[:lower:]’ awk: echo “HELLO” | awk ‘{print tolower($0)}’ Bash: str=”HELLO”; echo “${str,,}” Linux Text Processing in 2026 In 2026, the Bash built-in ${str,,} is the most efficient…
Some entries in /etc/fstab may not not critical for booting Linux or even not available until Linux has booted. How to avoid the failures or unavailability of some mounting entries in /etc/fstab blocking the boot process of Linux? Please check the tutorial at Controlling Filesystem Mounting on Linux by Playing with /etc/fstab: Allow non-root users…
How to Merge Multiple PDF Files on Linux Merging PDFs is a common task for organizing documents. The Command pdfunite file1.pdf file2.pdf output.pdf Linux PDF Tools in 2026 In 2026, pdfunite (part of poppler-utils) remains a lightweight and fast choice. For more advanced merging, compression, or metadata editing, qpdf and pdfjam are excellent alternatives. If…
Managing a cluster of servers, I would like to notified when a server is started. How to make the Linux servers email me or other admins automatically after they are started? I did this by adding a crontab entry on each servers like @reboot date | mailx -S smtp=smtp://smtp.example.com -s “`hostname` started” -r zma@example.com zma@example.com…
crontab -e will start an editor to edit the crontab entries. But how to add a crontab entry from a shell script on Linux without interaction from users? You can try this piece of script: (crontab -l; echo “@reboot echo “rebooted””;) | crontab – Note that the update by this line of script is not…
After a kernel panic, it is impossible to remotely connect to the Linux server to reboot it by SSH. How to make the panic kernel automatically reboot itself? Linux kernel has a nice feature that reboots itself after a timeout when a kernel panic happened. Usually, it is disabled by default. To turn it on,…
In hadoop I need to skip mapper function and directly execute the reducer function. We doing this to improve hadoop performance, if the hadoop framework is used to analyze same data sets, then mapper’s output will be same for different kind of jobs. To save the redundant computation for same results, I am planning to…
To get files with certain string in their file names, it is quite straightforward: ls *string* However, how to do the reverse one: how to get files without certain strings in their files names on Linux? You can get a list of file names by a combination of find and xargs as follows: find ….
Is it possible to set the replication factor for specific directory in HDFS to be one that is different from the default replication factor? This should set the existing files’ replication factors but also new files created in the specific directory. This can simplify the administration. We can set the replication factor of /tmp/ to…
On Rocky Linux 9, I find that it can make the screen (console, not X) blank after a while. However, it does not power the screen off. This usually work on Fedora or other releases. I guess this is caused by some configurations specific in Rocky Linux 9. How to make Rocky Linux 9 power…
I found Rocky Linux 9 does not ship vbetool in its default repositories, EPEL or RPMfusion. How to install vbetool on Rocky Linux 9? First, download the source package from http://www.codon.org.uk/~mjg59/vbetool/ and unpack the package. Second, install needed packages: # yum pciutils-devel pciutils-devel-static libx86-devel During the building, it will try to find the libpci.a in…
How to enable RPM Fusion for Rocky Linux 9? Enable RPM fusion on RHEL 6 or compatible like CentOS: su -c ‘yum localinstall –nogpgcheck http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-free-release-6-1.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/el/updates/6/i386/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-6-1.noarch.rpm’ It will install https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL. If it fails to install EPEL automatically, you will need to install it manually. Reference: http://rpmfusion.org/Configuration Editor’s note: This article has been updated to reflect…
On Linux, how to delete a specific line from a text file in command line? For example, to delete the 4th line from a file aaa bbb ccc ddd eee ffffff You can use the “stream editor for filtering and transforming text” sed. With GNU sed: sed -i ‘4d’ ./file Here, -i means edit the…
How to convert between Simplified Chinese and Traditional Chinese characters in text files on Linux from command line? You can use opencc to convert between Traditional Chinese and Simplified Chinese: https://github.com/BYVoid/OpenCC For example, to transfer a file in simplified Chinese sc.txt to traditional Chinese: opencc -i sc.txt -o tc.txt -c zhs2zht.ini The authors also provide…
How to convert .pptx slides to .jpg or .png images on Linux in command line? This following method works best for me. First, convert .pptx file to .pdf using libreoffice: libreoffice –headless –convert-to pdf file.pptx –headless makes libreoffice run in batch mode and not start the GUI. The pdf file will be named file.pdf by…
It seems Fedora 41 does not ship with musl-libc. How to install musl libc on Fedora 41 Linux? First, download musl libc source package from its download page: http://www.musl-libc.org/download.html . Here we use 1.1.5 as the example. After unpacking the source package, configure and build it by $ ./configure $ make Then, install it by…
dd seems slow when I use command like # dd if=/dev/sda2 of=./sda2.bak How to make it faster? You can make dd faster by specifying a good bs like # dd if=/dev/sda2 of=./sda2.bak bs=8192 8192 is a magic number. There are may be other good sizes for bs for different systems. But 8192 works pretty well…
I find the mplayer from rpmfusion does not contain libdvdnav. How to build mplayer with libdvdnav on Linux? I did this on Fedora 41 to build mplayer with libdvdnav: Download mplayer src from http://www.mplayerhq.hu/design7/dload.html and extract the tarball. Install needed packages (you will need more if you need more features): # yum install gcc make…