Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a robust encryption program that ensures privacy and authentication for data communication. Developed by Phil Zimmermann in 1991, it’s widely used for securing emails, files, and directories. This article explores the technical details of PGP, including its algorithms, key management, and detailed processes for encryption, decryption, and signing. Cryptographic Foundations…
In the realm of cryptography, handling and managing keys is a crucial task. The command provided is a series of operations using OpenSSL and other command-line utilities to extract and format an elliptic curve (EC) public key. Let’s break down the command to understand its purpose and functionality. The Command Extracting EC Public Keys with…
As a daily macOS user, you might find it convenient to make your Linux PC keyboard function similarly to a macOS keyboard. By adapting your Linux keyboard to mimic macOS behavior, you can streamline your workflow and reduce the friction that comes with switching between different operating systems. The key change involves making the Alt…
WebDAV (Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning) is an extension of the HTTP/1.1 protocol, which enables users to create, modify, and delete files on remote web servers. This protocol provides a standardized way for users to collaboratively edit and manage files on the web, much like a remote file system. WebDAV Features WebDAV introduces several features…
If you often find yourself accidentally triggering the emoji picker in Linux by CTRL + Period (CTRL + .), you may want to disable the hotkey that brings it up. In this post, we will show you how to disable the emoji hotkey using the gsettings command. The emoji picker in Linux is typically activated…
Zlib is a popular open-source compression library used by many software applications to compress and decompress data. It provides fast and efficient compression and decompression algorithms that can be used to reduce the size of data, which can improve performance and reduce storage requirements. In this post, we will discuss how to install zlib in…
ECDSA keys are commonly used in various areas like blockchains. OpenSSL is a commonly used tools in Linux for handling signature/encryption/decryption. This post introduces how to generate ECDSA keys using OpenSSL in Linux. Generate keys for K1 secp256k1 elliptic curve We start with K1 (secp256k1) as the example. To generae ECDSA keys using other curves,…
Docker is a convenient tool to quick create containers from different Linux images. If we use the common way to start a docker container like docker run image bash, after the the process exists, the container is still stored there. That is, the docker container persists after it has exited. Sometimes, we would like to…
snap is a software app bundle with dependencies included so that it can works in different Linux distributions. However, as most other software, snap has compatiblity issues. An app in the snap format is not 100% the same and compatible with the native version. One of the problem I find is that Thunderbird from snap…
GNONE 3 provides screenshot tools and utils and also provides keyboard shortcuts which are convenient and quick to use. With the GNOME 3 screenshot keyboard shortcuts, users can make screenshots without having to open the Screenshot app. In general, there are 2 major categories of screenshot shortcuts: those to save the screenshot as a file,…
This post summarizes Linux Kernel new features, bugfixes and changes in Linux 4.19.178 Release. Linux 4.19.178 Release contains 248 changes, patches or new features. In total, there are 239,909 lines of Linux source code changed/added in Linux 4.19.178 release compared to Linux 4.19 release. To view the source code of Linux 4.19.178 kernel release online,…
This post summarizes Linux Kernel new features, bugfixes and changes in Linux 4.14.223 Release. Linux 4.14.223 Release contains 176 changes, patches or new features. In total, there are 277,921 lines of Linux source code changed/added in Linux 4.14.223 release compared to Linux 4.14 release. To view the source code of Linux 4.14.223 kernel release online,…
This post summarizes Linux Kernel new features, bugfixes and changes in Linux 5.4.102 Release. Linux 5.4.102 Release contains 338 changes, patches or new features. In total, there are 160,715 lines of Linux source code changed/added in Linux 5.4.102 release compared to Linux 5.4 release. To view the source code of Linux 5.4.102 kernel release online,…
This post summarizes Linux Kernel new features, bugfixes and changes in Linux 4.9.60 Release. Linux 4.9.60 Release contains 24 changes, patches or new features. In total, there are 64,224 lines of Linux source code changed/added in Linux 4.9.60 release compared to Linux 4.9 release. To view the source code of Linux 4.9.60 kernel release online,…
This change “xt_quota: report initial quota value instead of current value to userspace” (commit 49daf6a) in Linux kernel is authored by Changli Gao <xiaosuo [at] gmail.com> on Fri Jul 23 14:07:47 2010 +0200. Description of “xt_quota: report initial quota value instead of current value to userspace” The change “xt_quota: report initial quota value instead of…
The Open Document .odt files can contain rich formats for the content. However, some times a plain text file is more handy. We may convert .odt files to plain text files for such needs. In this post, we discuss 3 ways of how to convert .odt files to .text files in command line in Linux….
Word .docx and .doc files are common for documents commonly generated by MS Word software. We would like to convert them to the more open ODF Open Document .odt files for various cases. This can be done by GUI software tools. If we have a set of many .docx/.doc files, it will be handy if…
Strings are commonly encoded as hexadecimal (hex) strings for various purposes. Hence, it is also common to convert hex strings to its original strings such as an ASCII string. Hex to ASCII string conversion can be done programmatically in many languages. In command line, we can use xxd to convert hex to ASCII string. This…
This is the release notes for linux release v2.0 (source code: linux-2.0.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines/formatting marks. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. Intro This document contains a list of…
This is the release notes for linux release v1.0 (source code: linux-1.0.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. CHANGES since 0.99 patchlevel 15: removed all the…