Docker is a convenient tool to quick create containers from different Linux images. If we use the common way to start a docker container like docker run image bash, after the the process exists, the container is still stored there. That is, the docker container persists after it has exited. Sometimes, we would like to…
For heavy Terminal/Shell/command line users, the Control key is a very frequently used key. However, in Mac Pro keyboard, there is only a single left Control key for some models. This cause quite some inconvenience. In this post, we will go through how to configure/remap the keys to “create” a right Control key. Remap keys…
This is the release notes for linux release v0.95a (source code: linux-0.95a.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The the formatted version of the referenced RELNOTES-0.95 can be found at Release Notes For Linux v0.95. The original ASCII…
This is the release notes for linux release v0.95 (source code: linux-0.95.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of the early development of the Linux kernel. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. RELEASE NOTES FOR LINUX v0.95 Linus Torvalds, March…
This is the notes for linux kernel release 0.01 (source code: linux-0.01.tar.gz) with format adjusted by removing/replacing tabs/spaces/new lines. This notes document can give us an understanding of whether the Linux kernel started with its very first release. The original ASCII formatted version is at the end of this post. Notes for linux release 0.01…
Git’s tags are convenient use to name some specific commits by tagging them for releasing or book keeping purposes. For example, GitHub allows repository managers to make releases using git tags. However, it may happen by mistake that a git tag is pushed to the remote git server while the tag has been made to…
Bash (GNU Bourne-Again SHell) the default shell for many Linux distributions. It is very common for scripting languages in Linux. Bash is easy and straightforward for writing small tools. However, as most tools, it has its grammars that could easily cause bugs if they are not used correctly. Here I summarize a list of good…
The way for Ubuntu 17 to installing the gnome-shell-extensions package does not work any more for Ubuntu 18.04. How to enable user themes in Ubuntu 18.04? The updated gnome-shell-extensions package actually adds the User Theme extension back. You can use that. First, install the package sudo apt install gnome-shell-extensions Second, log out and login again…
How to install the GNOME 3 (gnome-shell) desktop environment in Ubuntu MATE 18.04? To install gnome3 to Ubuntu, install these packages sudo apt install gnome-session gdm3 ubuntu-desktop During installation, the installation tools will let you choose the default display manager. You may choose gdm3. Then reboot you Ubuntu Linux and gdm3 will be shown. Click…
The problem is with ssh that makes a quoted string to more than one if there are spaces. For example, ssh user@host cmd “my string” The cmd on host will be executed like cmd my string rather than cmd “my string” It will only work if the string is escaped like ssh user@host cmd my…
Admins usually need to generate some passwords for others, such as when creating a new user in a Linux system. How to generate a password in Shell on Linux? Several possible and short methods. Here, we generate a password of length 8. Using pwgen: $ pwgen 8 1 dao3PaW9 Password based on base64 (note that…
How to search history commands very effectively in bash shell command line? Just enter CTRL+r The function of above is: (reverse-i-search)`’: It is very fast and efficient.
# ssh root@192.168.122.96 root@192.168.122.96’s password: Permission denied, please try again. Do according to [1]. NOTE: on Ubuntu, remember to restart ssh service like this “sudo restart ssh”. [1] https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/v2v_guide/preparation_before_the_p2v_migration-enable_root_login_over_ssh
how to list and delete shared memory in linux? List all shared memories in your Linux Systems > $ ipcs -m Delete specific one > $ ipcrm -M 0x0001869c
How to get a server’s serial number remotely? Tested on Linux Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty > sudo apt-get install dmidecode > sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number I tried this on several Linux boxes with CentOS 7 and it seems A physical node returns a string like System Serial Number. A KVM VM returns a string like 3fd12bba-12d4-48c7-875a-7a5f57ed8a9a….
$ make pdflatex main.tex This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40.16 (TeX Live 2015/Debian) (preloaded format=pdflatex) restricted write18 enabled. entering extended mode (./main.tex LaTeX2e <2016/02/01> Babel <3.9q> and hyphenation patterns for 81 language(s) loaded. (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls Document Class: article 2014/09/29 v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo)) (./usenix.sty (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/psnfss/mathptmx.sty)) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/epsfig.sty (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphicx.sty (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/graphics.sty (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/trig.sty) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/graphics.cfg) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/pdftex-def/pdftex.def (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/infwarerr.sty) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ltxcmds.sty))))) (/usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/generic/oberdiek/ifpdf.sty)…
Within a Bash script, how to judge whether its STDERR is redirected to a file in Bash on Linux? For example, ./script.sh /tmp/log 2>&1 Can script.sh detect that its STDERR is redirected? Knowing the destination file is better. To test whether a script’s STDERR (or STDOUT) is redirected to a file, check by [[ -f…
Login without PWD is fast and efficient. Running commands in server from local machine also have these benefits. login without PWD: add PC A’s public key to PC B’s authorized keys. > a@A:~> cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh b@B ‘cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys’ > b@B’s password: Run command remotely ssh root@MachineB “ls” NOTE: running commands remotely is…
how to set linux date and time in commands For example, to change date to 14 Nov 2017 11:57:00, the command would be, $ sudo date –set “14 Nov 2017 11:57:00” Tue Nov 14 11:57:00 HKT 2017
How to convert a piece of HTML code to plain text without leading and ending spaces in PHP? For example, I would like to convert <div> <b>hello</b> world</div> to a string hello world You may use this piece of code in PHP to strip HTML tags, remove leading and ending spaces and convert special characters…