Finding OCaml Core Library Interface Files

[md] When you install Core via opam, the interface files (.mli) are stored in your OPAM switch directory. The exact path depends on your OCaml version and OPAM setup.

## Standard Location

The .mli files for Core are located at:

~/.opam/$(ocaml -version | awk '{print $NF}')/lib/core/

where the OCaml version is part of the switch path. For example, with OCaml 5.2:

ls ~/.opam/5.2/lib/core/*.mli | head -10

If you use a named switch instead of the default:

opam switch list
# Then look in ~/.opam/<switch-name>/lib/core/

## Finding the Path Programmatically

Use ocamlfind to locate the Core library directory:

ocamlfind list | grep core
ocamlfind printconf stdlib

Or get the exact path with:

ocamlfind query core

This outputs the directory containing both .cmi (compiled interface) and .mli (source interface) files.

## Common Interface Files

Core provides interface files for all its modules. Some frequently referenced ones:

– core.mli — The main Core module with all re-exports – list.mli — Extended list operations – option.mli — Option type utilities – string.mli — Enhanced string functions – int.mli — Integer operations – map.mli and set.mli — Map and Set data structures – result.mli — Result type helpers – printf.mli — Type-safe formatting

## Reading .mli Files in Your Editor

**With Merlin/ocaml-lsp:**

If you use Merlin or ocaml-lsp (for VS Code’s OCaml Platform extension), M-x merlin-type-enclosing or “Go to Definition” automatically opens the correct .mli file.

**Manual lookup:**

less $(ocamlfind query core)/list.mli

**In utop:**

#use "core.top";;
#show List.map;;  (* Shows the type signature *)

## Core vs Core_kernel

Core has been split into multiple packages:

– **core_kernel** — Portable subset that works on all platforms (including JavaScript via js_of_ocaml) – **core** — Full Core, including Unix-specific functionality – **core_unix** — Unix-specific extensions (in newer versions)

The .mli files for each are in separate directories:

ocamlfind query core_kernel
ocamlfind query core_unix

For most non-Unix-specific modules (List, Option, String, Map, etc.), the interface files are in core_kernel.

## Troubleshooting Missing .mli Files

**”Unbound module Core”:**

Make sure Core is installed in your current switch:

opam list | grep core
opam install core

**Can’t find .mli after install:**

Rebuild the package documentation:

opam reinstall core

**Wrong switch:**

Verify you’re using the right OPAM switch:

opam switch show
eval $(opam env)

## Alternative: Use odoc for Browsable Docs

If you want HTML documentation instead of raw .mli files:

opam install odoc
opam doc core

This generates browsable HTML documentation from the .mli files with proper cross-references and search.

## Generating Documentation for Your Project

If you’re building a library that uses Core, generate docs for your own .mli files:

# Install odoc
opam install odoc

# Build docs for your project
cd your-project
eval $(opam env)
odoc compile your_module.mli

# Or use dune to build all docs
dune build @doc

The generated HTML appears in _build/default/_doc/_html/.

## Working with .mli Files in Practice

When developing OCaml libraries, writing .mli files is considered best practice. Here’s a typical workflow:

**1. Write the interface first (.mli):**

(* mylib.mli *)
val process : string -> string option
type config = { verbose: bool; max_size: int }
val make_config : verbose:bool -> max_size:int -> config

**2. Implement it (.ml):**

(* mylib.ml *)
let process input =
  if String.length input = 0 then None
  else Some (String.trim input)

type config = { verbose: bool; max_size: int }
let make_config ~verbose ~max_size = { verbose; max_size }

**3. The .mli acts as the public API contract.** Any value not listed in the .mli is private to the module.

This pattern — interface-driven development — is central to OCaml’s module system and helps catch errors early.