Proving ownership of a Bitcoin (BTC) address is a crucial aspect in various scenarios. The post Proof of Ownership for BTC Addresses introduced the proof for non-multisig addresses. This guide explores how to prove ownership for different multisig BTC address types, including algorithm specifications and step-by-step methods. What is a Multisig Address? A Bitcoin multisig
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Tag: Process
Proof of Ownership for BTC Addresses: A Detailed Guide
Posted onProving ownership of a Bitcoin (BTC) address is a crucial aspect in various scenarios, such as verifying identity in a transaction or demonstrating holdings without revealing private keys. This guide explores how to prove ownership for different BTC address types, including algorithm specifications and step-by-step methods. BTC Address Types P2PKH (Pay-to-Public-Key-Hash) P2SH (Pay-to-Script-Hash) P2WPKH (Pay-to-Witness-Public-Key-Hash)
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A Comprehensive Guide to PGP: Technical Deep Dive
Posted onPretty Good Privacy (PGP) is a robust encryption program that ensures privacy and authentication for data communication. Developed by Phil Zimmermann in 1991, it’s widely used for securing emails, files, and directories. This article explores the technical details of PGP, including its algorithms, key management, and detailed processes for encryption, decryption, and signing. Cryptographic Foundations
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Understanding Cloud Storage Consistency Models
Posted onCloud storage systems utilize various consistency models to balance performance, availability, and data accuracy. This article explores these models, their trade-offs, and examples of systems using them. We’ll also discuss the CAP theorem and its implications. Consistency Models Strong Consistency Definition: Guarantees that any read operation returns the most recent write for a given piece
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Comparing Paxos and Raft
Posted onPaxos and Raft are both consensus algorithms used to ensure consistency in distributed systems. While they solve similar problems, they have different approaches and design philosophies. Characteristics Paxos Roles: Proposers, Acceptors, Learners. Phases: Two main phases (Prepare/Promise and Propose/Accept). Leader Election: Not explicitly defined, often implemented using Multi-Paxos to handle multiple proposals efficiently. Use Cases:
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Understanding the Paxos Consensus Algorithm
Posted onThe Paxos consensus algorithm is a fundamental concept in distributed computing that ensures a group of distributed systems can agree on a single value, even in the presence of failures. Developed by Leslie Lamport, Paxos is widely used in systems where consistency and fault tolerance are critical, such as databases and distributed ledgers. Consensus Problem
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Extracting EC Public Keys with OpenSSL
Posted onIn the realm of cryptography, handling and managing keys is a crucial task. The command provided is a series of operations using OpenSSL and other command-line utilities to extract and format an elliptic curve (EC) public key. Let’s break down the command to understand its purpose and functionality. The Command Extracting EC Public Keys with
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Mapping Left Alt to Ctrl for Windows Keyboard to Be Similar to macOS
Posted onAs a dedicated macOS user, I often find myself missing the convenience of having a Command key located near my thumb for common shortcuts when using Windows. In the standard Windows keyboard layout, the key that occupies the same position as the Command key on macOS is the Alt key. However, the equivalent key on
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Sybil Attack 101
Posted onDistributed systems, such as peer-to-peer networks, , and other decentralized platforms, have become increasingly popular due to their potential to offer more robust, scalable, and secure solutions. However, these systems face unique challenges and vulnerabilities, one of which is the Sybil attack. Named after the psychiatric case study “Sybil,” in which a person exhibits multiple
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Consensus Algorithm 101
Posted onConsensus algorithms play a crucial role in the functioning of decentralized networks, such as blockchain-based systems. They help maintain the integrity, security, and reliability of these networks by ensuring that all participants agree on the state of the system. In this post, we will explore the concept of consensus algorithms, their importance, and some of
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Double-Spending 101
Posted onDouble-spending is a critical issue that any digital currency must address to ensure its viability and security. In this post, we’ll explore the concept of double-spending, the problems it poses, and how blockchain technology overcomes these challenges. What is Double-Spending? Double-spending occurs when a user spends the same digital currency unit more than once. In
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51% Attack 101
Posted onOne of the most significant threats to public blockchain networks is a 51% attack, where a single entity gains control over the majority of the network’s mining power. In this blog post, we will discuss the concept of a 51% attack, its potential consequences, and measures to prevent it. What is a 51% Attack? A
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Proof of Work (PoW) 101
Posted onBlockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Work (PoW) is a consensus mechanism that
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Proof of Stake (PoS) 101
Posted onBlockchain technology is based on the idea of decentralization, transparency, and security. One of the key challenges in blockchain technology is reaching consensus on the state of the ledger. Consensus mechanisms ensure that all nodes in the network agree on the current state of the blockchain. Proof of Stake (PoS) is a consensus mechanism that
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Uniswap 101
Posted onUniswap is a decentralized exchange (DEX) that was launched in 2018. It is built on the . Uniswap is a fully decentralized platform, which means that it is not controlled by any central authority or organization. The key feature of Uniswap is its , which allow users to trade cryptocurrencies without the need for a
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Decentralization 101
Posted onDecentralization is a concept about control and management. It refers to that the control and decision-making in a distributed network are transferred away from a centralized entity (individual, organization, or group thereof). The resources in a decentralized network are owned and shared by network members. This concept is particularly significant in the world of blockchain
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Bitcoin 101
Posted onBitcoin is the world’s first cryptocurrency on the Bitcoin blockchain network. BTC has gained significant popularity since its inception in 2009. It functions as a decentralized, peer-to-peer electronic cash system, allowing users to make transactions without the need for a central authority. Bitcoin History Bitcoin’s story begins with the release of a whitepaper by an
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Visualizing CMake Project Dependencies with Graphviz
Posted onWhen working on a large-scale C++ project with multiple dependencies, it can be challenging to understand the relationships between different components and libraries. Thankfully, CMake provides a nifty feature to visualize these dependencies using Graphviz, a widely-used open-source graph visualization software. Using CMake’s –graphviz option and the dot command from Graphviz is a powerful way
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Splitting a String by Another String in C++: A Flexible Utility Function
Posted onIn this post, we will explore a flexible utility function for splitting a string based on a given delimiter using C++ and the standard library. This allows us to break down complex strings into smaller parts that are easier to process and manipulate. The C++ Utility Function to Split a String by Another String Background:
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Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) vs. Centralized Exchanges (CEX): A Technical Comparison
Posted onCryptocurrency exchanges have revolutionized the way we trade digital assets, with two main types of exchanges dominating the market: decentralized exchanges (DEX) and centralized exchanges (CEX). In this article, we’ll compare the DEX and CEX from a technical perspective. Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) DEX operate on a decentralized blockchain network, such as Ethereum, and are built
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